Unit 21 †Aspects of Contract and Business Law D1, D2

l Unit 21 – Aspects of Contract and Business Law Assignment Unit 21 Candidate Full Name: Date issued: Candidate Number: Date due for return: Teacher: Mr M Tissot Date submitted: Email: Learning Outcomes When you have finished this unit you should: 1 Be able to apply the requirements for a valid contract 2 Understand the impact of statutory consumer protection on the parties to a contract 3 Understand the meaning and effect of terms in a standard form contract 4 Be able to†¦show more content†¦These can be sold to customers or rented out. They also act as a wholesaler and supply equipment to other musical retailers. 2) The Melody Shop– who sell a variety of musical instruments and sheet music from their shop and over the internet. Alan used the Business Support Centre to help get the group established and contacts them regularly for advice when problems arise Ensure you refer to the case study in your answers. Task 1- (P1, M1) Written Report Alan and Carol visit Mr Thrower who runs the â€Å"Place† night club in Tottenham. He has agreed to book Dimensions for five nights at the club in November. A price of  £1,500 has been agreed and Alan insists that a contract is drawn up and signed by both parties. (P1) As this is the groups first big booking, Alan has contacted the support centre and needs advice on the following: a) Alan wants to know the five requirements in order to make a valid contract. i) Explain these to him with reference to his situation with Mr Thrower and state if all the requirements are present in this case. ii) When dealing with customers, Eden Sounds prefer to use a â€Å"Standard form contract†. Explain what a ‘standard form contract’ is, and list the advantages to both parties in using them. b) Unfortunately the booking has not gone according to plan! Explain how the contract is brought to an end under the following circumstances: i) In October, the nightShow MoreRelatedDecision Analysis22420 Words   |  90 Pagesthe sequential nature of decision problems. Decision trees are used to analyze more complex problems and to identify an optimal sequence of decisions, referred to as an optimal decision strategy. Sensitivity analysis shows how changes in various aspects of the problem affect the recommended decision alternative. 4.1 PROBLEM FORMULATION The first step in the decision analysis process is problem formulation. We begin with a verbal statement of the problem. We then identify the decision alternativesRead MoreAdvanced Placement Microeconomics23462 Words   |  94 Pagesefficiency and equity in the economy. 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Fahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury - 1352 Words

A Warning For Society Albert Einstein once said, It has become appallingly obvious that our technology has exceeded our humanity. Back then there was very little technology that was controlling humanity. Today, phones are captivating societies around the world. Based on this, what will happen in the future? Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury, portrays a world where technology goes too far. Throughout the novel, Bradbury proposes the idea of mindlessness of mass culture. It is a warning to societies everywhere because one day that could be the reality. The definition of happiness changes along with interest and care. They no longer care about anything. The definition of knowledge is also changed. They no longer read. This book was written when T.V First came out, and now seeing how technology is driving society today, this book is a cautionary novel. Their happiness, knowledge and mindlessness is all changed due to technology. This may be a society someday.Bradbury proposes warnings about the mindlessness of mass culture Bradbury emphasizes the negative effects of media by creating a mindless society with a lack of social interaction and a detachment from the world. He does this this by changing happiness, interest and care. Now, people are happy when they bully people, kill people and talk to their family. Clarise is different because she thinks socializing is fun unlike her peers. They like to, bully people around, break windowpanes...wreck cars...race on theShow MoreRelatedFahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury719 Words   |  3 PagesThe flash point of paper, or the temperature at which paper will burst in flames, is 451 degrees Fahrenheit. In Fahrenheit 451, written by Ray Bradbury, the main character, Guy Montag, is a â€Å"fireman† in a futuristic society where he and his coworkers start fires, rather than put them out. Books are banned and burned, along with the owner of the book’s house and sometimes even the owner of the book, upon discovery. Techno logy has taken over in a sense that social interaction between the average personRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury1952 Words   |  8 Pagesis clearly displayed in the plight of Ray Bradbury’s novel about a dystopian American society, Fahrenheit 451, which contains many ideas and bits of content that some people believed should be censored. In fact, one of the reasons that this novel was censored for displaying the dangers of censorship, which is both extremely ironic, and telling as to where this society is going. Thanks to several distributors and oversensitive parents and teachers, Fahrenheit 451 has been banned in many schools overRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury954 Words   |  4 Pages In Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury, the author uses allegory (often misinterpreted by readers) to show the dangers of mass media consumption and the decline of reading traditional media. Many readers draw incorrect conclusions (lessons learned) from the book due to how gener ally the book applies its theme. Government censorship, though an important topic, is not the intended focus of the novel Fahrenheit 451. Finally, Bradbury’s original message of the book shows the beauty of traditional media andRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury1592 Words   |  7 PagesWhen writing the introduction to Fahrenheit 451, author Neil Gaiman stated that â€Å"ideas--written ideas--are special. They are the way we transmit our stories and our thoughts from one generation to the next. If we lose them, we lose our shared history†. Gaiman is absolutely correct; especially because what he is saying heavily applies to books. Books are a critical aspect in shaping humanity as a whole, they create and share a network of creative ideas, history, and overall entertainment; to loseRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury918 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Fahrenheit 451,† written by Ray Bradbury, is a futuristic, dystopian novel based upon a society secluded b y technology and ignorance. In this future society, books are outlawed and firemen are presented with the task of burning books that are found in people’s homes. Montag, a fireman, finds himself intrigued with the books, and begins to take them home and read them. 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The old lady was caught preserving books in her home. Firemen including Montag were ordered to burn the books. The old lady refused to leave her books, so she too was burned. She bravely gave an allusion as her last words, â€Å"Play the man,’ she said, ‘Master Ridley.’ Something, somethingRead MoreFahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury818 Words   |  4 PagesFAHRENHEIT 451 BY RAY BRADBURY Important People in Montag’s Life In Partical Fulfillment Of English 2 Ms Irina Abramov By Helen Hernandez November 9, 2012 â€Å"There are worse crimes than burning books. One of them is not reading them† -Ray Bradbury. In the past there were events that affected book writers. People will get together to burn books because they thought it was inappropriate or they were against their literature. Montag is a fireman in a futuristic society who would startRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury863 Words   |  4 PagesThe novel, Fahrenheit 451 was written by Ray Bradbury and it took place in the dystopian future. Throughout each novel, we are able to see a major theme, which is censorship. In this essay, I will explain how this theme are explored in the story by using the literary devices. To begin with, in this novel, censorship is not given a straight description, but we can see how the author shows it through many literary elements, such as using the setting, tone and symbolisms even foreshadowing. This novelRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury1544 Words   |  7 PagesRay Bradbury, the author of Fahrenheit 451, expresses his perspective on life in an interview. His interview contains a common theme: Do what you love, and love what you do (Bradbury). Bradbury sends a message in his interview that people should love life, and live to the fullest because he believes life is a beautiful thing. Although Bradbury no longer can demonstrate his love for life his message still lives in the pages of Fahrenheit 451. The Government of the society in the novel has told their

Finite Element Analysis for Various Conditions - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theFinite Element Analysis for Various Driving Conditions. Answer: Introduction Transportation is a key sector that requires careful consideration while choosing the materials, items, machines and platforms to use. All modes of transport ranging from road, water, air and railway has to follow certain regulations to ensure efficiency in its operation. Each form also has its benefits and challenges that help a user to selecting the type of transport to use while dealing with particular goods. Air is the fastest mode of transport but the problem is that it has a low carrying capacity and fatal accidents as well. Water carries the heaviest loads over long distances with little limitation although it is slow and the accidents can be fatal depending on the location and extents of damage (Hughes, 2012). Railway is advantageous in carrying of bulk but then faces the problem of fatal accidents and low speed. Road transport is finally the most used by people around the world as it allows for the transportation of people and goods over short distances. The form of transportation is affordable to most users and is recognized as the most famous as compared to air and train. The limitations of using road as a medium of transport is that one cannot go for a very long distance and the load carried is limited as well. Roads have certain regulations that require limitation of load weight to reduce the number of accidents caused by heavy trucks. The pavements or paths used by vehicles are constructed in such a way that they follow certain design rules that only allow up to certain weights of loads in transit(Wang, Hao, Al-Qadi, 2009). The road rules and regulations in the Australian transport system ensure that trucks observe a certain minimum weight to match with the standards of the pavement design. Problem Statement Many sectors of the economy require the use of trucks in transportation of selected goods from one location to another. Some industries like agriculture, manufacturing and processing utilize the use of lorries to ensure that they can easily and efficiently move items over short and long distances (Chae, 2006). These industries regularly transport their goods to different areas and it is therefore important to carefully observe the key road regulations that aim at the maintenance of a secure environment at all times. Since the same road is also used by private cars, the heavy vehicles are required to ensure that their loads do not inconvenience other users by maintain a weight limit (Crisfield, Remmers, Verhoosel, 2012). There has been a lot of complains on the roads that petrol tankers, lorries carrying heavy products like tree logs, farm products and maybe metallic items are the leading causes of accidents. Some of them carry past their limit capacity and end up being unstable on t he roads and hence causing accidents. They are also connected to traffic jams as some move at a slower speed that it is expected in selected highways. Trucks are designed in such a way that there is a limitation of the weight that can be transported using that specific machine. There are different types of trucks ranging with size and the number of Axles supporting them. Depending on the axle load, a certain vehicle has its wheels supported in such a way that it can only carry specified loads for stability reasons. The design processes of the trucks in comparison to that of the roads is equally similar as they both consider security and durability. All vehicles as long as they carry to their required weights can be sustained by a certain road pavement (Chae, 2006). Road design ensures the use of strong materials like concrete and cement to ensure for a long lasting and safe final result. Since a road is used by all kinds of vehicles carrying different luggage, then the design aims at durability and safety first before coming to the standard. The infinite element of the truck loads on the roads involves the prediction or testing of a product to look at its physical elements in relations to performance. Infinite analysis considers whether the product will perform its desired function, maintain the particular challenges or break due to factors of force, heat, vibrations and workforce (Dhillon, 2013). Roads are designed in such a way to maintain operations for the longest period of time without submerging to factors of the vehicles operating on them. The concrete pavements follow the ethics and regulations of the modern engineering and architecture activities. These activities should be authorized by the legal environment in the design and sketching stage to allow its implementation on the ground. The trucks are also designed putting into consideration the weight of the load as well as the impact of the resulting vehicles on the roads. (Crisfield, Remmers, Verhoosel, 2012). Weight limitation differs in different countries b ut usually follows through similar procedures of ensuring that the trucks do not damage their passageways due to overloading. The study therefore seeks to examine the impact of trucks on pavements or roads designed to the highest standards according to the modern architecture. The different damages that occur on the roads are due to a poorly designed path or a truck exceeding its carrying capacity in consideration to the strength of the pavements. Some paths prevent the passage of trucks exceeding the maximum weight to protect the durability and functionality (Kumar, Rao, 2017). The prediction of truck axles under different driving conditions is therefore a way to establish road performance even when used by those heavy trucks. The study looks at the different processes used to determine a standard road that can be used by particular trucks and the limitations on weight enforced on trucks. Literature Review A concrete design process puts all the necessary factors into consideration to ensure that the final product can serve its purpose with less or no complications. Some designs are less risky while others are more complicated as there is a lot at stake. For example, one cannot compare the design of a phone to that of a car. Although both should be appropriately done to satisfy the users, the car design will have a lot of negative impacts when poorly done. It will not only cause the dissatisfaction of the users but also be a threat to peoples lives and lead to damage of the roads. There are procedures involved in a serious design process right from the idea proposal, to the sketching, then the planning and later implementation of the sketched ides. The issue of infinite element of load trucks on the roads has had many authors writing about the particular issue. There are many limitations when it comes to the amounts of loads that specific trucks should carry in order to qualify using a certain route (Sharma et al, 2015). Most people see those posters allowing only heavy trucks or preventing them from entrance but never understand the reason. Different authors have discussed the issue in a classified manner to give the details concerning design, weight limitations, and the relation of these two factors towards road safety. According to Chandraiah, (2016), road design has taken a new route which ensure for classified considerations in the choice of materials and ways of incorporations. Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG) is the advanced method of design and the selection of pavement materials. The most important factor in the road design is the methodology used starting from the choice of materials to the implementation of the final output. MEPDG differs from the other traditional mechanical processes in that it priotizes on technological use in all the aspects of design. Instead of manual labor while implementing on a project, the method utilizes modern utilities (Zheng, Wang, Li, 2017). There are materials considered to make a great impact and durable structures in the construction of strong pavements. The modern and more advanced methodology is in one way or the other more standardized as it follows worlds most recognized designs. The resources used in this case require less work as they have already been made to the final form. Unlike traditional methods whereby equipment was used in their natural forms hence making them more involving, the MEP DG ensures that supplies are refined and easy to use. The performance prediction and finite elements of the pavements are determined by a process called transfer functions. Roads are therefore constructed with more emphasis on the materials used and in any case the viscous-elastic materials are usually a catch for the design process. The comparison between MEPDG procedures and the finite analyses ensures that the vehicles used on the roads meet the specifications of the road safety (Al-Qadi et al, 2008). Designers use the multi-layered theory to analyze the condition of the pavements and paving materials. The most crucial factor is to first of all determine the durability and damaging factors of the materials used. In a much controlled environment, paving materials seem like a small issue but the nature and quality of these is usually key. The design procedure might be done effectively but if it made use of poor materials then the performance might be ineffective. The MEPDG process is highly depended on particular factors that are meant to determine the reliability of the designed product. These factors are traffic, environmental factors, material characterization, distress and pavement responses. The environmental or weather conditions affect the way materials respond. Depending on the direction of the environmental influences, the pavements might end up being the cause of traffic which then affects the way they handle weather conditions or rather the way a pavement can handle different conditions (Kumar, Rao, 2017). Distress might involve breaking down and damage of the pavements that come as a result of the road activities. The MEPDG process follows and has impacts as shown below in the figure. Environmental forces: these determine the ability of the pavements to survive through different weather conditions and still manage to maintain their forms. Through the use of the Enhanced Integrated Climatic Model (EICM), the MEPDG puts into consideration all the factors of weather in relation to construction. They choose materials that can survive through and install them in such a way that it allows for the proper functioning of the pavements during the extreme weather conditions (Pruez, 2013). Some of the aspects put into consideration include proper drainage and maintenance of the ground water level. Traffic Inputs: The MEPDG is observant in the design of traffic effective systems. The great determinant is the axle loads and their ability to manage a journey that requires only a few limitations on smooth flow of traffic. Some of these considerations are vehicle speed, truck loads, tire inflammation and other characteristics (Rao, 2016). Material inputs: The most important aspect is the selected materials in the MEPDG design process as it determines the output of the pavements made. These materials must put into consideration the durability and ability to handle different weather conditions. Truck Axle load and weight limitation As described above using the MEPDG methodology, the design process follows certain procedures and puts into consideration different aspects to ensure proper finite element analysis. The only way to ensure the durability of the pavements is to inspect the nature of the vehicles operating on these roads. Most of the times roads are effectively designed due to the strict code of conduct for the engineering and architecture fields (Castellanos, 2009). The designers in this case are expected to use the appropriate design processes and materials so as to achieve the desired results. The roads get the most consideration of climate, traffic and ability to resist damage in the extreme conditions of pressure and heat. Truck load axle should not exceed various limitations to ensure that their activities preserve road structures and ensures for a durable service. Different countries have different limitations concerning the amount of weights that are expected on a single truck (Pruez et al, 2007 ). To maintain the highest level of efficiency on the roads for the longest time possible, it is important to ensure that the vehicles are well managed. Most individuals and companies overload their trucks for the main purpose of transporting many products at once. They end up exceeding the required weight for truck loads and continuous violation of these regulations leads to road damage (Chandraiah, 2016). Axle load on trucks refers to the total weight supported by the wheels of a vehicle. Depending on the size of truck, the number of wheels connected to a certain vehicle determines the type of weight it can carry at a particular time (Chabot et al, 2010). Roads are constructed to hold all types of vehicles but since they occupy at the same time, then it is only fair to impose certain regulations that control weights. The trucks should limit their loads per journey so to protect both the vehicle and the roads as well. According to the Australian law, a single axle truck should not exceed 20, 000 pounds in the weight on transit. The different vehicles have different carrying capacities but the maximum limitation must apply to all vehicles (Wenchao, Ying, Jun, 2013). The design of the vehicles is done in such a way that the load capacity set aside should be followed. In cases, companies and individuals tend to exceed the limit set for a particular lorry or truck and this leads to damage of the different parts of the vehicle. The axle and engine gets the post pressure since most of the weight and heat is exerted here (Sharma et al, 2015). The tire companies should ensure that their products can support specific loads depending on the number of axles in a single truck. Most trucks are designed in such a manner that they have many wheels consisting of the front and back axle. The connection between these two axles determines its way of handling a certain load. The weight of the truck even without the loads is enough to damage a poorly designed path. However, when the truck is loaded, it needs to maintain the limit weight to ensure the protection of the road ways. AXLE WEIGHT Unit Maximum Single Axle 20,000 pounds Axle group less than 8'-6" 34,000 pounds Axle group more than 8'-6" 40,000 pounds wagon axle load 26 tones locomotive axle load 20t Trucks are therefore designed to carry specific loads depending on the number and nature of axles involved in the specific vehicle. It is estimated that most of the transport activities are in one way or the other related to the durability of the roads. The design of the pavements alone cannot determine the extent of the damage (Kumar Sabarish, 2014). The vehicles using these pathways and their weights are what determine level of durability and the finite element of the pavements. Scope of the Proposed Work The project examines the different aspects of axle truck conditions and their limited aspects under various driving conditions. It is appropriate to explore the issue of truckloads and the influence they have on the roads and durability of the pavements as well as the vehicles themselves. Some of the questions that need to be answered by this project include: What are the limitations enforced by the Australian government concerning the issue of axle truckloads? What are the infinite elements of truckloads under different driving conditions? What is the process of pavement design in connection to the modern engineering? What is the relation between the truckload weights and the maintenance of the road networks? Answering of the above stated questions will fulfill the aim of the this study as they are the main focus of the research activity. This particular report is of the Australian design for both their vehicles and roads. Engineering, in this case, is considered to be considerate of the outcome and the application of the product on the ground. When a vehicle is designed, the most consideration is given to the applicability of the product on the road (Dhillon, 2013). The engineers must ask themselves some questions like, what is the stability of the vehicle, how will it survive in the streets, what will be its impact on the constructed pavements. If all these questions seem to have an issue coming up with the answer, then it is clear that there are some aspects that require careful contemplations. The research emphasizes on the methods used to design pavements and the issues that should be put into consideration to ensure that the design process is a success regardless of all the challenges that face transportation. Most of the problems connected to truckload axles in connection with the driving conditions include traffic, weather, materials used and the ability of the road to enduring all-natural factor that might arise. Another issue that seems to be of importance is the truck weight limitations imposed on the Australian transportation department (Chae, 2006). Most of these restrictions are enforced to ensure that there is an agreement between the government and the public. Safety is also another issue that emphasized on while dealing with the research as all the elements of finite analysis come down to road safety. Proposed Approach The study has come up with different methodologies to handle the issue concerning the finite analysis of the axle loads. The best approaches that provide the most detailed data are the scientific and analytical methods that analyze all the forces affecting the field. The studys primary objective is to come up with data and information that critically looks into the subject matter from all perspectives (Kim Ban, 2010). Other researchers have used different methods to analyze similar or related cases and faced various challenges or triumphs. The research was therefore informed on the issue of methodologies used. Analytical Methods Analytical methods involve the collection of data from different sources and then analyzing the information to come up with the conclusions. The best way of handling this case study is looking back to what other authors have done concerning the research and then developing findings from it. According to Sharma, (2015), truck weight limitations are done through a continuous process and agreement between different groups of individuals (Ihlenburg, 2006). The convention brings together the transport service, civil engineering and various companies. The information that each of these parties is required to give or even receive depends on their role in the agreements. Data from the different departments show that the only way to achieve a fruitful association is by involving all the parties responsible (Liu, Wang, Oeser, 2017). One way of providing that there are fewer inconveniences is coming up with strategies that benefit all the individuals instead of focusing on just one department (Crisfield, Remmers, Verhoosel, 2012). The weight limits of for example 20,000 pounds on a single axle shows that there should be ways of measuring the weights to determine those who have exceeded the limits. Scientific Methods Scientific methods are also used in the study to determine the processes involved in the design of the vehicles and the pavements for the purpose of a strict operation. The research team had to talk directly to the specific engineers and contractors who gave an explanation about various technical processes. According to these professionals, the scientific approaches look at the design and functionality of a product from the initial stages until completion. Roads and vehicle plan must focus on elements predicted to bring challenges in the functionality of the item later on in the future (Kwasniewski, Wekezer, Malachowski, 2006). The following design processes are necessary in the technical aspects that determine finite elements of truck axles on the pavements. AASHTO design guide is used in the design of the pathways that look out for the ability of the roads to survive different weather conditions. The design process is under the MEPDG whose primary purpose is to come up with the most functional structures that have put into considerations the traffic, durability, materials, and climate (Hughes, 2012). The Enhanced Integrated Climatic Model (EICM) is also another scientific and engineering procedure that usually applies in the cases of designing durable and weather reliable pavements. The above processes, i.e, AASHTO and EICM consider making a final product that will be resistant to nature and climatic changes. Since the vehicles and roads are exposed to the environment, it is only appropriate to install features that reduce the damaging effects of weather. If natural forces are regulated, then the finite elements of the truck loads become more effective (Gonzlez et al, 2008). Heavy vehicles are able to survive weather changes without damage of material and inability of certain parts to perform their functions. These procedures come up with designs that enable both the pavements and the trucks to effectively perform their functions. The scientific approach usually focuses on getting data connected to the engineering and the design of the different aspects of the transportation systems (Topac, Gnal Kuralay, 2009). The vehicles are in one way or the other valuable in the maintenance of the roads leaving alone the natural causes and disasters. The best way to ensure that pavement is secure and reliable to be used by particular trucks is to follow through its design and implementation. There are ways that the roads can be constructed and lead to fractures as well as damage of property and lives (Ainsworth Oden, 2011). It is therefore essential to relate the design of the streets to that of the vehicles. Both models should be able to give the finite element of operation and reliability in the long run. Timeline and Resources The following are the resources as well as the timeline of the study. Resources Availability Researchers, data collectors Available Transportation One vehicle is enough Reading materials Library books and journals, e-books Communication strategies Available proper network connections Engineers or contractors Available on the sites to explain the different issues Timeline The study should take approximately two weeks to ensure that all aspects of the project are covered. Activity Time Preliminaries and preparation of study 1 day Formulation of objectives and goals of study 1 day Different site visits 3days Interviews with engineers and contractors 2 days Collection of data from other sources like the written materials 1 day Analyzing of data 2 days Presentation of the conclusions to the board 1 day References Ainsworth, M., Oden, J. T. (2011). A posteriori error estimation in finite element analysis (Vol. 37). John Wiley Sons. Al-Qadi, I., Wang, H., Yoo, P., Dessouky, S. (2008). Dynamic analysis and in situ validation of perpetual pavement response to vehicular loading. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, (2087), 29-39. Castellanos, M., El-Gindy, M., Fedishen, C., Maciejewski, D., Atahan, A. O. (2009). Truck front underride development: literature survey. International Journal of Heavy Vehicle Systems, 17(1), 18-34. Chabot, A., Chupin, O., Deloffre, L., Duhamel, D. (2010). Viscoroute 2.0 a: tool for the simulation of moving load effects on asphalt pavement. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 11(2), 227-250. Chae, S. (2006). Nonlinear finite element modeling and analysis of a truck tire. Chandraiah, K. P. (2016). Static and Dynamic Analysis of Eicher-E2 Chassis Using Finite Element Method. Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, 2(9). Crisfield, M. A., Remmers, J. J., Verhoosel, C. V. (2012). Nonlinear finite element analysis of solids and structures. John Wiley Sons. Dhillon, R. S. (2013). Development of truck tire-terrain finite element analysis models (Doctoral dissertation). Gonzlez, A., Rattigan, P., OBrien, E. J., Caprani, C. (2008). Determination of bridge lifetime dynamic amplification factor using finite element analysis of critical loading scenarios. Engineering Structures, 30(9), 2330-2337. Hughes, T. J. (2012). The finite element method: linear static and dynamic finite element analysis. Courier Corporation. Ihlenburg, F. (2006). Finite element analysis of acoustic scattering (Vol. 132). Springer Science Business Media. Kim Ph D, Y. R., Ban Ph D, H. (2010). Impact of Truck Loading on Design and Analysis of Asphaltic Pavement Structures. Kumar, A., Sabarish, R. (2014). Structural and Thermal Analysis of Brake Drum. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 20(8), 1012-1016. Kumar, R. S., Rao, M. S. (2017). Design and Structural Analysis of Ashok Leyland Lorry Chassis. International Journal of Engineering Science, 14764. Kwasniewski, L., Li, H., Wekezer, J., Malachowski, J. (2006). Finite element analysis of vehiclebridge interaction. Finite Elements in Analysis and Design, 42(11), 950-959. Liu, P., Wang, D., Oeser, M. (2017). Application of semi-analytical finite element method to analyze asphalt pavement response under heavy traffic loads. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition), 4(2), 206-214. Pruez, J., Shoukry, S., Williams, G., Shoukry, M. (2013). Lightweight Composite Materials for Heavy Duty Vehicles. West Virginia University. Rao, V. N. (2016). Development of Simulation Methodology to Predict Crack Growth Behavior in Heavy Duty Truck Components using Full Vehicle Response Dynamic Loads. North Carolina State University. Sharma, S., Sharma, S., Tiwari, S., Gupta, U. (2015). Finite Element Simulation and Validation of Fully Suspended Heavy Duty Commercial Vehicle (HCV) as per AIS029 Pendulum Impact Test (No. 2015-01-2873). SAE Technical Paper. Topac, M. M., Gnal, H., Kuralay, N. S. (2009). Fatigue failure prediction of a rear axle housing prototype by using finite element analysis. Engineering Failure Analysis, 16(5), 1474-1482. Wang, D. F., Cheng, C., Qin, M., Liu, Z. W. (2008). Rigid-elastic coupling modelling of air suspension and fatigue life prediction of its key part for heavy-duty truck. International journal of vehicle design, 47(1-4), 305-317. Wang, Hao, and Imad Al-Qadi. (2009)"Combined effect of moving wheel loading and three-dimensional contact stresses on perpetual pavement responses." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2095: 53-61. Wenchao, Z., Ying, C., Jun, X. (2013). Finite element analysis for frame of truck pump. Hoisting and Conveying Machinery, 6, 008. Zheng, L. F., Wang, T., Li, G. X. (2017). Vibration and noise analysis of heavy-duty trucks based on power train light weighting. Journal of Vibroengineering, 19(6).

SportsFans Essay Example For Students

SportsFans Essay Psycologists often look to find patterns of behavior among similar people in similar circumstances. One such study is that of the psycological effect of sports teams and their fans. In a study at Murry State University, Daniel L. Wann and Thomas J. Dolan tried to prove that fans that had a high association with their favorite team would be biassed in their evaluation of the past, preasent, and future preformances. Wann and Thomas study set out to prove that students at Murry State that had a high assosiation with their basketball team, when asked about their records in previous seasons would estimate more than actually were won. Also, if the students were asked about their predictions for the team in the present year, they would be a lot higher than they probably could acheive. Finally they would have them make predictions of their preformances of the future, and see if there was any pattern among those people. To accomplish this, Wann and Dolan used 106 sublects. Fourty four were ma le and sixty two were female, student volunteers, whom took part in the study for extra credit. At the time of this test the Murry State basketball team was first in their conference with a 4-1 record. The study consisted of a packet with many different questions in it that would help rate the people. The first page rated the persons identifiability with the team. It consisted of seven questions, each with a rating of 1 8 in association. The final two pages of the packet were the subjects assesment of the team. The subjects were asked questions like:how many games had the team won the previous year(The answer was 17); How many wins will they have this season (the answer to that ended up being 18); and how many wins do you see for the next season. The subjects then answered four self ratings on what they beleived was a) poor and outstanding, b) preforming well above or below expectations, c) bad or good teams, and d)teams with little or great ability. The students then were asked ho w they beleive the current team would end the season (ie. NCAA Champ., Conf. Winner, etc.), and asked to rate these possibilities. Wann and Dolan found that their Hypothesis was right and that sports fans that had a higher affiliation with the team, were more likely to padd the records of the team. They found that students tended to think the team fared better in previous seasons, and their predictions for the preasent and future were extremely overblown. In an article later Wann follows that their evaluation not only was true for teams with winning programs, but also with teams that have losing records also. Wann preformed this study to contradict a report by Hirt and Rials that differed in oppinion from his original study and said it was a biassed evaluation. IN his second study, Wann found that the same effect was true for dedicated fans of a losing team. They tended to do the same as the other fans did. Psycologists love to study the effects of certain things on people. not many have looked at the effect of sports on the fans. Though all people view things different ways, certain types of people, like those spectators with strong affiliation to a sport team, tend to have similar outlooks and bias on their preformance. Works Cited Wann, Daniel L and Thomas J Dolan (1994). Influence of Spectators Identification on Evaluation of the Past,Preasent,and Future Preformance of a Sports Team. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 78. 547-552 Wann, Daniel L. (1994). Biased Evaluation of Highly Identified Sports Spectators: A Responce to Hirt and Ryalls. Perceptual and Motor Skill, 79. 105-106. 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