What type of music is most appealing free essay sample

In 1995, the British band Oasis came out with their second and by a wide margin most well known collection, (Whats the Story) Morning Glory?. This was one of the significant structure obstructs in the melodic wonderland of elective stone. Elective stone is a midge podgy classification of music that has the musicality and highlighted secondary lounge of exemplary awesome however is increasingly characterized by its unconformity. This type of music bids to me on account of its whimsical style and assortment and fundamentally decreased want to conform.One of the significant aspects of elective stone that makes it so engaging is the special style and assortment. It isn't bizarre for one craftsman to create many hit collections each with a somewhat unique sound. Starting in 1983 and as yet visiting today, the Red Hot Chili peppers are a prime case Of this decent variety inside elective stone. Their first collection, The Red Hot Chili Peppers, had a mind boggling tunes with a solid pattern and less difficult melody structure. We will compose a custom paper test on What sort of music is generally engaging or then again any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page These melodies, including Get up and Jump, had a solid funk impacts while as yet falling under the classification of option rock.Compare this to their ninth studio collection Stadium Arcadian, discharged in 2006. Keeping in character of the groups creativity and out of the case style, this collection was the most smooth of all and had unmistakable hallucinogenic impacts from the late ass. Due to so much unconformity numerous elective musical gangs dont have the huge fan base that the Red Hot Chili Peppers have and are not as generally know. Its normal for a large number of these groups to have one hit ponders. Elective stone is so engaging in light of the fact that the purpose of the music isnt to be mainstream; it is a genuine articulation of the craftsman or band as an aggregate group.Panic! At the Disco is a later band of the backtalk. Shaped in 2004, they are chiefly associated with their two singles I Write Sins Not Tragedies and Nine in the Afternoon; the two of which in this manner went before their initial two collections. Elective stone truly isolates the young men from the men in the feeling of duty to their affection for music;

Character Sketch Sample

Test character sketch †my companion Liz. My companion Liz is the most astonishing companion anyone could request. We’ve experienced so a lot together, we’re fundamentally like sisters. We met on the main day of school in 6th grade, the two of us alarmed by the monstrous size of the center school. She had the storage directly over mine. I revealed to her I didn’t know anyone in our group and she said â€Å"You do now. † We’ve been companions from that point onward. Most young men think Liz is charming. She has long red hair, falling over her shoulders. She giggles about everything and when she does, you see around a hundred white teeth †so splendid, you nearly need shades. At the point when she snickers, her eyes develop wide, sparkling emerald green. Liz likes to dress sort of skater-ish, in disguise jeans, sweatshirts, and wristbands. Be that as it may, she’s capricious, as well. In some cases she’ll wear overalls or an extravagant dress. She should have three storage rooms loaded with garments, since she scarcely ever wears a similar outfit twice. Liz is the most energetic, enlivened character I’ve ever known. She’s continually hurrying around, attempting to get the most recent scoop on everyone. It’s like she’s in the FBI. Directly before she shares significant news, Liz hurls back her hair, takes a full breath, and rapidly looks side to side, to be certain there's no sign of danger. She says nothing mean regarding individuals, she simply needs to know what’s going on. She generally bolsters me in all that I need to do. Relatively few young ladies in our gathering of companions play sports, however when I disclosed to Liz I needed to go out for b-ball, she said â€Å"Go for it. † Now, she comes to see pretty much every game I play and cheer me on. Not exclusively is Liz a huge supporter, she likewise confides in me to offer her my fair input and to state what I feel. A year ago, she thought Mrs. Jones gave her a lower math grade than she merited. I came clean with her †that Liz gave everything in late and what did she anticipate? Next checking period, Liz got her work in on schedule, and pulled off an A-. On account of me, she said. Liz is a great audience. She lets me reveal to her every one of my issues and she never decreases the significance of my concerns. I can tell she’s truly tuning in, as well, since she glances legitimately in my eyes the entire time, as she’s attempting to see inside my head and make sense of me. We don’t consistently concede to everything, and once in a while we even battle like sisters. In any case, at long last, we generally remain together. Composing a CHARACTER SKETCH †would you be able to attract your companion WORDS? Essayists need to depict individuals conceivably and everything being equal. They have to portray characters in such detail perusers can really feel they know them. A character sketch is an approach to write individuals down. It goes past simply depicting a person’s physical qualities. Character portrays are best when they uncover â€Å"telling† subtleties that catch the pith of someone’s character. ?You will compose a character sketch for somebody you know. It could be a companion, relative, or anyone you know well. Here’s a rundown of things to remember for your character sketch: †¢ opening †present the subject (your companion) †¢ clarify how you met, or where you know each other from †¢ give a physical portrayal †appearance, garments, voice, propensities, idiosyncrasies, and so forth †¢ character quality #1, and supporting proof †¢ character attribute #2, and supporting proof †¢ character characteristic #3, and supporting proof †¢ shutting remark †attempt to reconnect to your initial You don't need to follow this precise request, however your character sketch needs to incorporate every one of these parts. TIP: Think about your companion in distinctive detail. What shading are her eyes? What sort of garments does she favor? What sort of shoes? How is her hair style and styled? Burrow further. How can he talk? Quick, slow, delicate? What anxious propensities does he have? What does he dream about? What music does he like? What sports? What subjects in school? These subtleties can say a great deal regarding character.

Defeat your Loneliness on Christmas

Defeat your Loneliness on Christmas Things to Do on Christmas Day Home›Tips for Students›Things to Do on Christmas Day Tips for StudentsDecember is a special month; it brings the feeling of a holiday and everything starts buzzing in Christmas preparations.  From all around, you can hear about sparkling family traditions, different gatherings and the spirit of unity.  So you get a bit of a Grinch mood when anticipating that this Christmas you will spend on your own. There are plenty of reasons that spoil your holiday; the hint is not to fall for them.When you’re alone at Christmas If there is a chance to take control over your depressive circumstances, go for it! Rearrange your Christmas and enjoy your time. It’s much better than hibernating the whole month, trust me. You don’t have to perform feats to make your Christmas bright and enjoyable. Take small steps to create your holiday atmosphere.First of all, put some decorations to give a feeling of Christmas. At least, do something small like a tiny Christma s tree on your desk or a glowing garland above your bed. Even these simple details will involve you in the celebration. Don’t let yourself being excluded from Christmas this year.Get rid of the dreadful feeling when everyone’s celebrating except you. Make a plan, think of the special activities, maybe, find some alternatives to Christmas clichés. It must be something exciting for you. Bonus: you don’t have to avoid “What are you doing this Christmas?” question anymore.Whatever homebody you are, don’t spend all day alone. Find a company to celebrate with. Call your friends, visit your family, host a dinner, become a Christmas volunteer. People around will certainly make your day by simply saying “Merry Christmas!”Take your time to gather thoughts. If you really have a sad reason not to celebrate this year, don’t pretend to be happy. Think of your life, of the past year, of the meaning of Christmas. This holiday bears hope. This is the day when Jesus was born. He ca me to this world to become our redeemer, and He certainly knows how to overcome difficulties.This season I wish you to be happy. You have a chance to start over!

A Domestic Dilemma Essay - 1339 Words

Carson McCullers takes the reader on a journey into the lives of a family plagued by alcoholism in quot;A Domestic Dilemmaquot;. The realism of the story is astounding, as most people will often find themselves torn when facing difficult family decisions. The Meadows’ family is torn by both compassion and suffering, and Martin Meadows is faced with one of the most difficult decisions of his life. In A Domestic Dilemma, the author conveys the idea that individuals facing difficult decisions in marital relationships must act in the best interest of one’s self.The conflicts in the story surround Martin and Emily’s marital relationship. It is clear that their marriage is deteriorating because of Emily’s alcoholism. Emily often attempts to†¦show more content†¦quot;As Martin watched the tranquil slumber of his wife the ghost of the old anger vanished.quot; He knows that his emotional and physical desire for Emily may be the very element that destroys h is children’s lives. Martin is searching for a solution to his problems that will keep all his loved ones safe. Martin Meadows is an ideal husband. He works hard in his office and his home. Martin is amazingly efficient, tending to the garden, decorating for Christmas, cooking for his children, and pulling their lose teeth. He longs for the days back in Alabama when his family was happy and alcohol was not a part of their lives. From the start of the story Martin is weary from the disappointment he has encountered in the changes seen in his wife. During Domestic Dilemma Martin begins to realize that his efforts are no use, and his wife’s behavior is not going to change before something horrible happens to one of his children. Her drunken outbursts and manipulative games confuse the children at their young ages, and Martin fears that his children will not forget these horrible incidents and will grow up emotionally strained by their mother’s problem. Emily’s move to New York tore her life apart. Once a happy housewife in Alabama, When her family moved to New York for her husband’s company, Emily become lonely and depressed. Emily misses the warmth of a small southern town where sheShow MoreRelatedEthical Dilemma Of An Article On Local Domestic Violence1863 Words   |  8 Pages Ethical Dilemma A year ago when you were employed by St. Paul’s Family center, you served as social worker of Nicholas Karros, who had been experiencing problems on his job that affect him and his family. About eight months ago, Nicholas was killed in an altercation at a local bar. Roberta Frei, a reporter for the local newspaper, approached you yesterday to ask for information about Nicholas because she heard he had been abusive to his wife and children. Ms. Frei wanted this informationRead More Theme Analysis of Carson McCullers A Domestic Dilemma Essay519 Words   |  3 PagesTheme Analysis of Carson McCullers â€Å"A Domestic Dilemma† Carson McCuller’s story â€Å"A Domestic Dilemma† depicts a family torn by both compassion and suffering. Martin, a loving and understanding husband must deal with his family’s problems. Martin’s wife, Emily, distraught by her new environment, initiates her family’s difficulties with her drinking habits. The story examines a family’s severe problems, and yet also illustrates the depth of love and loyalty that allows people to survive adversityRead MoreRwanda s Dilemma Between Domestic Desires And International Pressures992 Words   |  4 PagesTitle: Rwanda’s dilemma between domestic desires and international pressures The wheels towards the 2017 Rwandan Presidential election begun turning over the last few months with Paul Kagame seeming to be legally able to run for an additional term in office. For those who study Rwanda, Kagame has been in control since the end of the horrific 1994 Rwandan genocide also known as the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi. Officially, during his first six years in power, Kagame was the Vice President. PoliticalRead MoreEthics Game Reflective Journal1042 Words   |  5 PagesReflective Journal Ethical dilemmas surface daily in professional nursing practice. Whether you work in acute care, long-term care, hospice care, ambulatory care, managed care, or public health care chances are you will be responsible for making decisions in a situation of ethical concern. The purpose of this paper is to reflect on the ethical issues presented in the Ethics Game simulation, the decision-making process used to determine the solution to the dilemma, and apply concepts from theRead MoreEthical Dilemmas Of A Nurse1376 Words   |  6 PagesIn this essay I will look at the range of ethical dilemmas that a Nurse may encounter whilst working in a health and social care setting and discuss how individual workers and agencies will deal with these dilemmas. I will also look in the decisions to resolve the dilemmas through the perspectives of different ethical approaches. AC1.1 An Ethical dilemma is a problem without a satisfactory resolution. Nurses can face ethical dilemmas everyday whilst at work in almost any work setting. Ethics involveRead MoreDomestic Violence And An Imperative Social Problem1370 Words   |  6 PagesDomestic violence is one of the world’s leading dilemmas. It is occurring in our backyards or the homes of our next door neighbors. In our everyday world this issue has been accepted, tolerated and greatly associated within various relationships. Music does an excellent job in referencing this matter in countless songs. For example, a pop single by The Crystals He Hit Me (And It Felt Like A Kiss) in (1962) uses amusing vocals with corroding strings and sorrowful drums to enhance this song and shedRead MoreAnalysis Of Kamala Das s Projection Of Self Essay1441 Words   |  6 PagesTension and Moral Dilemma occupies an important place, position and appears to be the kernel of Kamala Das’s poetry. Kamala Das’s project ion of self is the projection of tension and dilemma in her life. Her projection is biological, psychological, philosophical, confessional, self-expressive, self-recordative, self-explorative and self-realised. Her autobiography â€Å"My Story† is clearly projected in her poems and she is exception to others. Her tension of life and symbioses of opposites form theRead MoreEthical Issues in the Study of Domestic Violence Essay examples1232 Words   |  5 PagesThis essay will critically analyse the ethical issues portrayed in the study of researching domestic violence. Ethical issues are inevitable in any research, especially that of the sensitive population. This essay will look at the ethical dilemmas of researching a sensitive population in relation to gaining access to the data. This essay will also look at the safeguards that were put in place to potential ethical problems and analyse their suitability in regards to this research. This essay willRead MoreEthics Game13 53 Words   |  6 Pagesby his domestic partner YM who stayed with him in the ER till his transfer to the ICU. Once AT was admitted to the ICU, YM was prevented from visiting him by CB, the shift supervisor for the day shift despite hospital policy which clearly states that domestic partners are to be treated as married couples. Decision making process From the readings for this week, I saw there are several steps involved when attempting to resolve any ethical dilemma. First I needed to define the dilemma in bothRead MoreEssay on Ethics Game Simulation Reflective Journal918 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"the branch of philosophy concerned with evaluating human action†¦ meaning character, customs, or habitual uses, ethics encompasses a process of determining right conduct from wrong.† (Guido, 2010, p. 3). Nurses are confronted with numerous ethical dilemmas that are intertwined with legal issues. Concepts of ethical and legal concepts are frequently interplayed and decisions between the two are often intricate. One must go through steps of the critical decision process and contemplation among the four

The Effects Of Being A Young Carer On An Adolescent s...

Are adolescents really going through a time of turmoil, or is that just a stereotype? What might be the impact of being a young carer on an adolescent s development? There pervades in both general society and in psychological research circles an idea that adolescence must be a time of psychological upset, disturbance, and turmoil (Rutter et al., 1976), and that this is a natural, unavoidable part of the lifespan. This view is based on those of many original theorists (such as Freud, Geleerd, Eissler,.) who described the mood swings, upheavals, and difficulties of adolescent psychology as verging on mental illness. Adelson (1964, pg1-5) suggested there are two views of adolescence, one based on delinquents found in negative new reports†¦show more content†¦(1976) investigated a group of adolescents on the Isle of Wight, age 14-15, comparing blind psychiatric diagnoses for two groups, one random and the others with high ‘deviant’ scores on a behavioural questionna ire. They found that ‘inner turmoil’ (in this case described as miserable feelings and low self-esteem) was quite common, and the diagnosis of psychiatric conditions was slightly more frequent during this period than in earlier childhood, with an increase in depression. However, Larson et al. (1980) used self-reports from 900 adolescents, aiming to ‘evaluate the widespread theoretical assumption that adolescents experience greater mood variability as part of a syndrome of psychosocial disequilibrium’. While they confirmed that adolescents appear to have bigger and quicker mood swings, they disputed the conclusion that these swings indicate ‘turmoil’, as the variation was not linked to stress, lack of control or psychological or social maladjustment. They conclude, â€Å"Variability is not a malady of adolescents, but may well be an obstacle to their growth.† (p. 488). Further disputing the stereotype is a more recent study by van de Wetering et al. (2010) investigated happiness among Dutch adolescents. They found a high level of happiness among their subjects, with a score of 7.69 out of 10, supporting previous findings from around the world (Gilman Huebner, 2003; UNICEF 2007). However other studies, while reporting overall highShow MoreRelatedMedical Conditions on Adolescents1414 Words   |  6 Pageslarge effect on everyone, no matter what the age. In adolescents, they are still dependent on their parents as their caregivers, and are old enough to understand and make decisions for themselves. Chronic illness has been defined  as â€Å"an illness that is prolonged in duration, does not often resolve spontaneously, and is rarely cured completely.† (Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing). Adolescence is â€Å"a period of rapid physical, psychological, emotional and social development duringRead MoreAttachment Theory And Its Effect On Social Work2045 Words   |  9 Pagesthe academic s who have defined the process and its effect within social work. Firstly we need to know what exactly what attachment theory actually is. I belief this can be described as being a set of theories derived from academic s who feel attachment has a psychological normality for searching an i ndividuals closeness to another person in there life, and there effect to promote security when that person is with them and the anxiety when they have gone. There are many theorist s in the fieldRead MoreAn Ideal Age At Which Women Should Conceive Their First Child1600 Words   |  7 Pagesincreased in recent decades. Cumulative research proposes that adolescent parenthood may impinge on childhood development because of a variety of factors, including psychological, biological and socio-contextual factors, and thus having children at an older age may be more beneficial for the child. This review seeks to examine whether there is an ideal age at which women should conceive their first child so as to ensure optimal development throughout childhood. Australian Trends throughout the DecadesRead MoreUnit 1 Qcf Level 3 Essay9585 Words   |  39 PagesUnit 1: Understand Child and Young Person Development Unit code: CYP Core 3.1 Unit reference number: L/601/1693 QCF level: 3 Credit value: 4 1.1 Explain the sequence and rate of each aspect of development from birth – 19 years The sequence of development of a child and young person is divided into five different aspects. They include: Physical, social, communication, intellectual and cognitive, emotional and behavioural and moral development. Since every child develops at a differentRead MoreIapt Essay5419 Words   |  22 PagesBasic Skills Component Domains within the Children and Young People’s IAPT Project and the challenges in applying them in your service.’ 1. Introduction This paper will focus on Evidence-Based Psychological Treatment for Children and Young People and aim to critically discuss the Basic Skills Component Domains within this area. It will look at the challenges of applying them to the authors work setting of Tier 3 Children and Adolescent Mental health service (CAMHS). This paper has been dividedRead MoreAssessment Two And Professional Development Essay1665 Words   |  7 Pagesof Narrabundah, ACT. In three sections, this assignment will identify the population profile of the assigned community, the local Indigenous community health service - Winnunga Nimmityjah and the professional development of nurses addressing the importance of on-going professional development for delivering culturally safe nursing care at this local community health service of Narrabundah. PART A Narrabundah is located in the inner south city of Canberra, ACT. The ACT Government acknowledges theRead MoreUnit 512 Lead Practice in Promoting the Well-Being and Resilience of Children and Young Peopl3510 Words   |  15 PagesUnit 512 Lead practice in promoting the well-being and resilience of children and young people Understand how different approaches to promoting positive well-being and resilience in children and young people. Explain the importance of well-being for children and young people. Child well-being and deprivation represent different sides of the same coin. 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From birth, babies grow larger and show noticeable development in both their social and intellectual competence. The study of age-related changes in human behaviour is referred to as developmental psychology. Child development refers to the psychological and biological changes thatRead MoreSocial and Emotional Development10365 Words   |  42 PagesChild Development: Social and Emotional Development Child Development - Social and Emotional Development Introduction: As we grow older we change; these changes are most visible during infancy and childhood. From birth, babies grow larger and show noticeable development in both their social and intellectual competence. The study of age-related changes in human behaviour is referred to as developmental psychology. Child development refers to the psychological and biological changes that occur

International Financial Integration. Is it worth it Free Essays

string(104) " many countries in the past have used capital controls to limit the harmful effects \(Grumman, 2008, p\." We are witnessing the transformation of meld-20th century managerial capitalism Into global financial capitalism†. This Is what Martin Wolf expressed In an article written for the Financial Times In June 18, 2007. Even after the global economic crawls that followed the next years and from which the world Is still recovering, this statement Is of great relevance. We will write a custom essay sample on International Financial Integration. Is it worth it or any similar topic only for you Order Now Actually, this crawls Is a good example of how Integrated the world’s financial markets have become: a financial crisis that started In some developed countries practically spread throughout the whole world. As Wolf himself hinted in his book Fixing Global Finance, it is obvious why financial crises bounce back from one country to another (2008, p. 25). First, markets are connected globally, both for commodities and financial instruments; second, an unexpected weakness in one country is seen by investors as a weakness for apparently similar countries; third, when governments fail to respond to financial crises as expected, trust in their willingness to act elsewhere will be lost; fourth, a high perception of risk in one market may spread to others; and fifth, the rationing of reedit to risk borrowers can turn a slight instability into a crisis (Wolf, 2008, p. 5). Likewise, Jeffrey Freddie adds that current regulations and technology allow money to travel around borders almost instantly, giving rise to short-term international transactions (Freddie, 1991, p. 428). With such vulnerabilities, to what extent is international financial integration (capital mobility) worth it? To answer this question, this paper will try to explain how and why capital mobility alters economic policymaking by governments as well as the tradeoffs such polic ies entail. By doing so, it will show the extent to which capital mobility takes policy autonomy away from governments and Indicates how It can affect certain countries more than others. To do so, first the concept of the open economy trillium will be illustrated. Followed policymaking and its interaction with exchange-rate stability and macro-economic independence and the influence this has in different countries. The Unholy Trinity Also known as the open economy trillium or the Mendel-Fleming Model in reminiscence to the economists that first set forth the concept, it indicates that overspent must choose between two of three goals: capital mobility (CM), exchange-rate stability, or monetary independence (Freddie, 2008, p. 347). Giving up CM implies placing capital controls that ultimately close world markets to a country. This is what the Latin American nations practiced from the sass’s until the sass’s with their import-substitution industrialization (IS’) policy (Freddie, 2007, p. 10-312). On the contrary, in a financially integrated world as today, the trade-off is between exchanger stability and domestic monetary policy autonomy. If the latter is referred, the exchanger will have to be allowed to fluctuate. For example, if a government wants to encourage investment and increase consumption, policymakers will pursue low interest rates. Hence, many investors will want t o move their investments to another country that offers higher interest rates. When the capital leaves the country, demand for the local currency will 2 decrease and it will end up depreciating; there is no exchange-rate stability (Walter, 2013, p. 22). Conversely, if policymakers prefer exchange-rate stability, they need to subject monetary policy solely to this goal. To neutralize depreciation or appreciation, interest rates still have to be lowered or increased, but they cannot be used for domestic objectives such as encouraging investment or promoting a rise in consumption (Walter, 2013, p. 22). With this model in mind, I now pass to explain how and why CM alters autonomous economic policymaking by governments, first by indicating its influence and then by explaining its interaction with the other two goals of the economy trillium. Influence of CM in national economic policymaking worth asking: what are the benefits of CM that make it incontestable in today’s world? Benefits of CM For one part, CM allows countries to borrow from the rest of the world in order to improve their ability to produce goods and services (Newly, 1999, p. 1 5). In doing so, goods and services from other parts of the world compete in local markets. This creates a more competitive environment, driving down profits and forcing companies to seek finance from outside (Wolf, 2008, p. 22). Due to the increased competitiveness, a global financial system can benefit the quality of domestic regulation: there will be pressure for better accounting 3 standards and an improved legal and financial system (Wolf, 2008, p. 3). In this sense, it will encourage companies to lobby for a more efficient, flexible and accessible financial system (Wolf, 2008, p. 3). Linked to competition, such financial systems can encourage governments to re- think’ their policies (avoid requesting too much taxes or allowing too much inflation, for example) and prevent capital outflows (Wolf, 2008, p. 23). Also, CM allows risk diversification and technology transfer (Wolf, 2008, p. 23). Furthermore, in many developing countries the economy is not big enough for its citizen ’s savings to finance world-level institutions. This is an important argument for allowing the presence of foreign banks (Wolf, 2008, p. 23). For example, between 1960 and 1980 South Korea annually requested funds from international sources equivalent to 4. 3% of its GAP to finance its strong economic growth (Newly, 1999, p. In addition, capital flows allow countries to avoid large drawbacks in consumption from economic crises by selling assets to and/or borrowing from outside sources (Newly, 1999, p. 1 5). It was precisely through foreign lending that Mexico and Argentina were able to overcome their 1995 crisis (Grumman, 2008 p. 51). All in all, capital flows can be beneficial for a nation. However, this type of global integration is likely to generate crisis if pursued with a low level of economic development (Wolf, 2008, p. 24). Citizens in developed countries may have enough savings within the national financial system to allow their governments to leverage enough investment and growth. However, developing countries will most likely depend on capital inflows for this and even more urgently when an economic imbalance occurs. Hence, many countries in the past have used capital controls to limit the harmful effects (Grumman, 2008, p. You read "International Financial Integration. Is it worth it" in category "Papers" 107). Pinpointing on this last issue, what leads a country to prefer a fixed exchange-rate and monetary autonomy over CM? In short, the control of capital flows helps a country have economic stability (Newly, 1999, p. 21). As investors have limited information about the true value of the assets they hold in the country, they tend to infer from the actions of others, creating a herding behavior, where asset price variations cause further changes in the same direction, leading to a boom-bust cycle and macro-economic instability, hence Justifying capital controls (Wolf, 2008, p. 25). There are different ways this is sought by today’s governments. Control of CM First, capital controls may be used to discourage capital outflows in the event of a crisis, allowing the central bank (CB) to have invulnerability with domestic monetary policy. This is how Malaysia responded to its 1998 crisis (Newly, 1999, p. 19). -. Second, economic stability can be achieved by preventing destabilize outflows in the first place, in other words, changing the composition of capital inflows (Newly, 1999, p. 21). Through capital inflow controls, the government helps prevent future and sudden outflows by investors. This is what Chile practiced in the sass’s. By scrounging capital inflows, Chile was able to limit the number of volatile capital that could have left the country on short notice (Newly, 1999, p. 21). 5 Likewise, at present the International Monetary Fund (MIFF) is recommending capital flow management measures after exhausting interest-rate adjustment and if implemented alongside foreign exchange-rate reserves accumulation and macro- prudential financial regulation (Gallagher, 2012). As mentioned above, the aim of CM controls is macro-economic stability. I will now further explain the reasons why CM causes economic instability in the first place. There are two reasons: either they are the result of irresponsible behavior in the markets or of bad policies by local authorities (Change, 1999, p. 7). The former reason has to do with human attitudes: while in economic boom, there is excess of greed; in recession, there is excess of fear (Wolf, 2008, p. 21). This leads, as explained above, to the panic and herding effect. Market that make it inherently risky – adverse selection, moral hazards, and asymmetric information (Wolf, 2008, 19). The unfortunate intervention of a government (wrong or bad fiscal and/or monetary policies) often makes them even sees safe, as is the case of poor fiscal discipline added to a lack of monetary discipline (Wolf, 2008, 22). Likewise, mistakes in exchange-rate policy can greatly affect the financial market as will be described in the next section. Both of these reasons affect the other two goals of the unholy trinity: exchange-rate stability and monetary independence. We will be able to see this by explaining the interactions of CM with these two other goals. Interaction of CM with exchange-rate stability and macro-economic independence 6 To provide a sense of how CM interacts with exchange-rate and macro-economic lollygagging, different scenarios are analyzed: fixed vs. fluctuated exchange-rate and the efficacy of monetary and fiscal policies. First, the efficacy of fiscal policy in a country with a fixed exchange-rate and CM will be considered. Supposing that a government seeks to stimulate national income, it will pursue an increase in aggregate demand by increasing government spending and/or reducing taxes. Consequently, interest rates will go up and an inflow of capital from abroad will arrive. This capital inflow would lead to an excess supply of foreign currency. Therefore, as the exchange rate is pegged, the country CB would have to ay that excess supply with national currency, thus stimulating the national income even more. Although this might seem ideal, the ultimate consequence is a detriment of the country international competitiveness: exports would become more expensive to the world and imports cheaper for the locals (Greece, 2003, p. 87). Accordingly, international investors would lose confidence in the government’s capacity to sustain a current account deficit brought by the capital inflow, as well as probable price inflation due to the fiscal expansion , and move their money somewhere else (Greece, 2003, p. 7). Now with a capital outflow, the CB would seek to raise interest rates, which leads to a decrease in investment and consumption, thus reducing aggregate demand and counteracting the national income stimuli (Greece, 2003, p. 87). From a monetary policy perspective, the prospect is not positive either. If the economy wants to be stimulated, the CB would have to reduce interest rates which currency would exceed its demand, and in order to maintain its peg the country CB would have to buy the excess with 7 its foreign exchange reserves. The national currency reduction circulating in the economy and the consequent increase in interest rates and decrease of income and consumption would end up cutting the national income stimuli also (Greece, 2003, p. Now, considering a flexible exchange-rate and, again, supposing a fiscal policy intended to boost national income and hence a rise in interest rates, the country would expect capital inflows. Therefore, there is an increase in demand for the national currency, which would appreciate in value, causing imports to be less expensive in the local market and exports more expensive abroad. Accordingly, the country would lose in international competitiveness and the probable reduction of sports (because they are now more expensive for the world) would decrease national income (Greece, 2003, p. 88). On the other hand, regarding monetary policy with a flexible exchange-rate, some political scientists consider that it has strengthened as the world has become more integrated (Greece, 2003, p. 89). When a government’s goal is an increase in national income, the natural response is to lower interest rates. This would provoke a capital outflow from the country, which in turn brings depreciation of its currency and hence a competitive edge in the international market. This effect would increase aggregate emend and national income even more (Greece, 2003, p. 89). However, policy preferences of economic interest groups differ within a country (Freddie, 1991 , p. 432 and Walter, 2008, p. 406). Therefore, those who depend on imports, for example, will prefer a stronger local currency (Freddie, 1991, p. 45). This is, for example, Thailand experience with its 1997 economic crisis (Walter, 2008, p. 422). Thailand economy was, and still is, export-oriented. However, in 1997 the majority of its exporters produced industrial goods that needed imported inputs. Therefore, the depreciation ad no real competitive effect (Walter, 2008, p. 422). 8 Developing countries and CM As economic an d financial markets in developed countries provide more stability to investors, as seen with the above interactions developing countries are more externalities on recipient countries (Gallagher, 2012). In this sense, regulating CM is an optimal tool to address market failures and enhance growth, not worsen it (Gallagher, 2012). Conclusion International financial integration alters national economic policymaking. This can be understood by first looking at the Mendel-Fleming Model and the influence and interaction of CM with exchange-rate stability and macro-economic independence. In today’s world, CM has priority over the two other goals. However, there are certain traits that can lead a country into an imbalance or even a deep crisis, especially for developing countries. Hence, the level of openness to CM must be studied against the economic development of the country and its financial health. Countries are the custodians of national economic stability and well-being. How to cite International Financial Integration. Is it worth it, Papers

Corporate Laws Assignment

Question: It's about negligence. Essay needs to discuss about duty of care, breach and damage in all case by showing the reference case of it needs. Essay need to be written in IRAC form. (Issue, rule, application,conclusion. Answer: Issues In the given scenario in the case, the primary issue that is involved in the case is that whether there is any claim of Oleocampo through Micheal can file a law suit against Ridgeley for negligence. The other issue that is involved in the given scenario is that whether Julie, the worker in Oleocampo can sue Ridgeley for the failing to meet payments on the mortgage. Relevant Laws In resolving the issues of the given scenario, the laws relating to negligence has to be discussed in details. The act of negligence occurs when one person owed the duty of taking reasonable care and failed to do any act that any reasonable person should have done in taking the reasonable care. In addition to that the failure to take the reasonable care has resulted in the damage or injury to any other person (Alexander 2015). In the Southern part of Australia, the Civil Liability Act of 1936 is involved in making the assessment of the acts of negligence by any individuals and the amount or type of liability that incur on such individuals as a result of such negligence. In case any person sues another person in a suit of negligence, then such person is considered to have been seeking the financial compensation for the damage sustained on his or her part. The purpose of seeking the compensation in the financial terms in any suit of negligence is to put the victim of negligence in that position if the negligence has not occurred. In the general situations where negligence act is alleged is commonly in cases of car accidents or injury of personal property of other persons or medical or professional negligence (Barker et al. 2012). In order to make the determination of the act of negligence the following factors is entitled to be considered: Defendant owes the duty of taking care towards the plaintiff. Breach of care by the defendant Injury sustained by the plaintiff Relation between the injury of the plaintiff and the duty to take care by the defendant In a case of negligence if the all the above-stated elements are established then the suit of negligence can be filed and won in a Court of law. The first element that is the duty to take care determines the obligation on the part of any person in avoiding any injury or harm that is foreseeable if any care has not been taken (Fordham 2013). Application of the law in the given case In the given scenario, George Michael is the owner of the Oleocampo Company that is engaged in the supply of best quality of olive oil in the Koala island. The problem cropped up when in the adjacent firm of the Oleocampo, a person named Ridgeley by mistake sprays chemical pesticides in the groves of Oleocampo. As a result, of this incident, the quality of the olive oil of Oleocampo came down. As a result of that Oleocampo failed to supply olive oil to their customers at the price in which it was entitled to sell the oil. The Company Oleocampo sold the oil at a lower price. For the lowering down of the price the Company Oleocampo has to make a reduction of its 25% staff. As a result of that one lady named Julie lost her job and failed to meet her payments of mortgage (Stewart and Stuhmcke 2014). In the given case, there is breach of duty to take care by Ridgeley in spraying the groves. He should have been more careful while spraying. As a result, of the act of Ridgeley, the Oleocampo Company has to suffer a financial loss and hence can sue Ridgeley in a suit of negligence. In the case of Julie, her fact of losing job and failure to make the payment of her mortgage money is directly foreseeable to the act of Ridgeley. Hence, Julies claim against Ridgeley would be successful (Gibson et al. 2013). Conclusion In the conclusion, it can be said that the Company Oleocampo has the right to file a suit of negligence against Ridgeley. Julies claim against Ridgeley will be successful against Ridgeley. Reference List Alexander, K., 2015. Tort Liability for Ratings of Structured Securities Under English Law.University of Oslo Faculty of Law Research Paper, (2015-06). Barker, K., Cane, P., Lunney, M. and Trindade, F., 2012.The law of torts in Australia. Oxford University Press. Fordham, M., 2013. Legislation and Case Notes: Contributory Negligence and the Disabled Claimant.Singapore Journal of Legal Studies, p.192. Gibson, A., Richards, B. and Blay, S., 2013.Torts Law in Principle. Law Book Company. Goudkamp, J., 2016. Reforming English Tort Law: Lessons from Australia.Damages and Compensation Culture: Comparative Essays, Forthcoming.

Olympics Games Should It Not Be Olympics Festivals

What we know about the ancient Greek history today â€Å"survived either by pure chance or for literally reasons unconnected with their historical significance† (Crawford and Whitehead ix). Among the interesting activities in the contemporary society that interest me is claim that Olympic Games have its origins in Greek ancient history. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Olympics Games: Should It Not Be Olympics Festivals? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More But does it really? Well, olympiakoi agones is the exact world that supposedly translate to ‘Olympic Games’ (Young 4). However, on more investigation, I am led to believe that while Olympic is actually an exact translation from olympiakoi, the term ‘games’ is not an exact translation from the Greek word agones. In fact, (Young 4) observes that agones is better translated as â€Å"struggles†, â€Å"pains† or â€Å"c ontests†. Following the revelations about the not-so-accurate translation of the term olympiakoi agones, it could then be that the claim that Olympic Games has its genesis in Southwest Greece more than 2,700 years ago, is more of an association of activities rather than a reality. I say this because olympiakoi agon was a religious festival, which was to say the least, not associated with sports, or games for that matter. If anything, it appears that the festival was a struggle, or a contest that would involve play at some point in honor of Zeus (Young 4). Olympic Games as we know them today, involves struggles, contents and even some pains, which are often seen as means to the Olympic medals. Digressing to the definition of the word ‘games’, it appears that activities that qualify as games are not strictly meant to be competitive, and neither are they even meant to be painful or involving struggle (Wittgenstein 33e). At the very basics, games are a way of passin g time and enjoying one self, but them again, there is no an accepted definition of the world games and so I could be wrong. Consider the philosophical thoughts of (Wittgenstein 33e) who argues that explaining what a game is to someone who has no idea is a hard task because â€Å"we do not know the boundaries because none has been drawn†. In other words, no boundaries of description has been drawn to the definition of the word games; as such, activities as diverse as playing cards, playing with words, or playing with balls can be described as card games, word games or ball games respectively. Following this line of thinking, I therefore suppose that the fact that Olympic festivals involved different forms of play is what led historians to relate it with the games as we know them today, and even associate the games’ history to ancient Greece, and hence Olympics.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OF F Learn More Considering the above arguments, I am convinced that the only thing that the Olympic festivals in ancient Greece and the contemporary Olympic games share in common is the frequency of being held every four years, and perhaps the name Olympic. I draw the notion that the frequency of the Olympic festivals and the Olympic Games is alike from the understanding that Greeks’ calculate time intervals inclusively. Beyond that, neither the intent nor the activities in both set of Olympics are similar. Even the inclusion of athletics in olympiakoi agones is contested by (Young 8) who observes that Homer- one of the historians who has written about athletic scenes in the ancient Greece- cannot be taken as an authentic memory of the same, because â€Å"rather than preserving a memory of athletics centuries earlier, he represents athletics in his own time† (Young 8). Yet, it is from Homer’s writing that the contests and games associated with the Olympic s (both the festivals and the contemporary games) are drawn. For example, it is observed that Homer’s poems paint the aristocratic warriors as â€Å"channeling their aggression and mutual rivalry into games and contests† whenever â€Å"they were not on the battlefield† (Crawford and David 46). This then means that if Homer cannot be taken as an authority in telling us about the Olympic athletics, even less should we believe any texts that generally take his writings as absolute truth. I also agree with Glass (155-156 cited by Young 19) who argues that a significant number of texts are unreliable despite modern authors believing in them. The generalizations that link the contemporary Olympic Games to the ancient Olympic festivals seem to have been taken from such ancient texts. In my view, the generalizations are not only anachronistic, but also wrong. But again, I too could be wrong. Overall, I hold the opinion that the olympiakoi agones (if it indeed happened) must have provided the participants and onlookers with a chance to compete and contest for whatever rewards there were (including olive tree crowns) as indicated by (Crawford and Whitehead 48). However, the activities that people in ancient Greece participated in during the festivals may never be absolutely known by the contemporary scholars because there is a possibility that much of the knowledge passed down the generations has been people’s inventions rather than factual. As such, the claim that the Olympics Games tradition goes back to the ancient Greece history is in my opinion, overstretching the truth.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Olympics Games: Should It Not Be Olympics Festivals? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Works Cited Crawford, David, and David Whitehead. Archaic and Classical Greece: A Selection of Ancient Sources in Translation. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1983. Print. Wittgenstein, Lu dwig. Philosophical Investigations. Trans. GEM Anscombe. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1958. Young, David. A Brief History of the Olympic Games. London: John Wiley Sons, 2004. Print. This essay on Olympics Games: Should It Not Be Olympics Festivals? was written and submitted by user Tamia V. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Day Of The Dead Essays - Mexican Culture, Mexican Art, Halloween

The Day Of The Dead Essays - Mexican Culture, Mexican Art, Halloween The Day Of The Dead Day of the Dead Imagine yourself in a cemetery, commemorating your great-grandpa. Dia De Los Muertos (The Day of the Dead) is celebrated in Mexico on November 2nd. The Day of the Dead is one of Mexico's traditional holidays reuniting and honoring beloved ancestors, family, and friends. To begin, the historical roots of this celebration date back to the pre-Hispanic cultures of Meso-America of the indigenous people, especially the Nahua (Aztecs, Mayans, Toltecas, Tlaxcaltec, Chichimec, Tecpanec) and others native to Mexico more than 3,000 years ago. Life was seen as a dream. It was believed that only in dying, a human being was truly awake. Death was not a mysterious and fearful presence but a realistic recognizable character as much a part of life as life itself. When Christianity was introduced in the 16th century, religion and its symbols became part of the altars we now find in Mexico today. November 1st, All Saints Day, is when the spirits of the children, called los angelitos (little angels), are expected to return. Traditionally, it is a time when family members share memorable stories that would commemorate their lives together. Secondly, there are many items that people do to celebrate the Day of the Dead. On November 2, family members clean and perhaps paint the headstones, arrange flowers, and lighting candles. Mexican families construct special home altars dedicated to the spirits of their deceased loved ones. The altars range from simple to the very elaborate and are usually filled with objects that provided pleasure to the departed person in life, including favorite food and drink. Altars dedicated to the spirits of deceased children often include toys, candy and other sweets. I think that building alters for the dead is a good concept. They teach the younger generations about the past, as well as commemorate the dead. No matter what kind of a person was, everyone leaves behind a legend. Some books, for example, are biographies, praising and telling about a person in the past or present. Like a book, the alters tell the history of a person. The alters tell a story of the dead individual. Alters tell the age, their likes, and many other interesting facts about the dead individuals life. I think that these alters compensate the work of an earlier generation. The altars or ofrendas as they are called, also usually contain objects made from sugar or sugar sculpture known as alfenique. These objects may be small animals, such as lambs, miniature plates of food (enchiladas with mole), small coffins, often with pop-up skeletons, and of course, the sugar skull or calavera. The skulls are made by pouring a mixture of boiling water, confectioner's sugar and lime into clay molds, which have been previously soaked in water. The calaveras are decorated with paper foil for eyes and a kind of colored icing for hair. Names can be added to the skull and Mexican children often exchange named skulls with their friends. I think that the skeleton represents the spirit still living after it has left it's flesh on this earth. The spirit of an individual lives on forever. Ofrendas often include papel picado or Mexican cut-paper. Papel picado has a long folk tradition in Mexico and the little town of San Salvador Huixcolotla, in the state of Puebla, is known for its fine cut paper. Although papel picado is used as a decoration for many festive occasions such as weddings and baptisms, papel picado with themes relating to Day of the Dead is also very popular. The Mexican papel picado is similar to origami. Although origami is folded, it too has spiritual meaning. In conclusion, I think that Dias De Los Muertos is important for the family to maintain good relationships with the dead for it is they who intercede and bring food fortune to the living. It is a time to come to terms with our mortality and become aware of cycle of life and death. The Day of the Dead is a day for honoring are beloved ones.

Final Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Final - Essay Example US commission on Civil rights serves as an overall advisor as well as a watchdog and the country’s civil rights division within the department of justice bears the responsibility of enforcing non-discrimination statutes. Nevertheless, the dispersion of responsibilities in agencies with different agendas affected the process of affirmative action implementation. However, all the agencies were concerned with application of non-discriminating policies to the various segments of the US economy despite the rise of various jurisprudence disputes even within their spheres of action; besides administrative actions were related and affected other spheres. By the turn of the twenty-first century, a small number expressed support for racial discrimination after the civil rights movement progressed from obscurity during the civil war to mid-twentieth century activism to the current accepted wisdom. The non-controversial part is the reactive policy that ensures non-discrimination based on race, religion, color, sex and national origin in social, economic and educational affairs. The non-discrimination laws are designed to make sure that individuals are never judged by color of skin, but rather by the content of their character and incase a violation occurs, such individuals are entitled to remedies (Lee, 1999). Positive and Negative Results of Affirmative Action Legislation Affirmative action seems to have a short history though it is a hands-on policy that makes special efforts about employment decisions, entry into college and other public behavior as a means of compensating for past discrimination. Affirmative action bases on the thought that various groups of people even without being discriminated against currently, any individual belonging to such groups are disadvantaged in the workplace and in campuses as a result of the past discrimination aimed at the group. Therefore, affirmative action attempts to level the playing ground for all categories of citizens th ought it emphasizes on disadvantaged groups as opposed to injured individuals. Affirmative action can refer to a court-ordered, remedial programs designed to correct effects of discrimination documented in court. Proponents of affirmative action hold that affirmative action provides long-term cure for discrimination by offering victims chances to show their skills and worth, which eventually changes prejudicial attitudes. Nevertheless, opponents of this controversial program argue that affirmative action never addresses the cause of inequality and the program can create labor market inefficiencies and result in reverse discrimination. Therefore, both sides suggest that effective affirmative action would cause minority employment to increase however; the sides disagree on whether this raise is efficient and on whether it would be sustainable if affirmative action ended (Lee, 1999). Currently there is small opportunity to measure the impact of eradicating affirmative action programs. As Federal, support for enforcement faded and flowed, the Supreme Court ruling in the past decade chipped away at affirmative action making it difficult to confirm whether concurrent changes in minority outcomes are due to affirmative actio

Investments and Assessments Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Investments and Assessments - Research Paper Example responsibility efforts put in by the company yield needed results, the company has its own assessment mechanisms that it uses in measuring the effectiveness of the programs. Commonly, the company would use a qualitative assessment test that compares the corporate social responsibility goals with the larger company business plan to ensure that there is a relation or positive link. Given that the company has set business plans and strategies of becoming a market leader and also expand its profit base, the financial successes and expanded growth experienced by the company in the last five years makes the company conclude that its corporate social responsibility has yielded positive results (Norberg, 2000). From the 2012 sustainability report published by Marriott Company, it can be seen that as many of the company stakeholders that were identified as possible expressed positive sentiments about the impact that the company’s corporate social responsibilities through sustainability is making (Marriott, 2012). This is because the patronizing populace has been identified as people who have become more concerned about the need to trade with sustainability oriented companies and so they have responded to the company’s quest by increasing their patronage of the company’s services and products offered. It can therefore be seen that there exists no differences in the opinions expressed by stakeholders as against the one expressed by the company. Marriott Company. 2011/2012 Sustainability Report. Accessed February 23, 2013 from

The School For Wives and Ghosts | Analysis

The School For Wives and Ghosts | Analysis In Henrik Ibsens Ghosts and Molieres The School for Wives, the playwrights portray the concept of male domination with the help of the relationships between the characters. Ibsen depicts male dominance in the late 1800 Norwegian society mainly through the characters of Mr. Manders and Mrs. Alving. On the other hand, Moliere portrays male dominance in French Renaissance society using the characters of Arnolphe and Agnes. The playwrights portray their societies through miniature household with stereotypical characters. Male domination in both the plays is depicted by the careful use of speech, actions and social beliefs. This similarity reflects upon the two 17th century European societies, the Norwegian and the French Renaissance. The writers establish differences in perception using characterization. The use of rhetoric speeches of Mr. Manders in Ghosts shows that domination in Norwegian society is elusive. At the same time, the use of simple language in The School for Wives illustra tes male domination that is prominent in the French Renaissance society. Important aspects of culture and society have also been incorporated in the two plays. In Ghosts, and School for Wives the playwrights convey male dominance through dialogue and action. However, the difference lies in the manner of portrayal. Ibsen employs ideas and social norms in his speech to bring out the oppressive character of Mr. Manders and to influence Mrs. Alving. The insurance of the orphanage is an example of indirect influence being employed as a tool to dominate. After Mrs. Alving decides to insure the orphanage, Mr. Manders asks, But what about the opinion of the people hereabouts?  [1]  The ultimate aim of Mr. Manders is to avoid judgment by public. The character of Mr. Manders allows Ibsen to present the thoughts of common people in the Norwegian society who do not have the courage to deter from the norms of society. The issues in a domestic household such as the conflict between Mr. and Mrs. Alving act as a microscopic portrayal of Norwegian society. It is evident that this portrayal of male dominance in Ghosts was not approved by the Norwegian no rm as it was banned from being staged in a number of theatres in Scandinavia. Similarly, Moliere depicts complete male dominance through words and actions. The character of Arnolphe is used to bring out the theme of oppression of women. Arnolphes dialogue and soliloquys are used for this purpose. For example, he controls the upbringing of Agnes and restricts her right to modern education. Arnolphe says, A wife who writes knows more than can be good for her.  [2]  This excerpt of Arnophes speech shows that the society presented in the play saw educated women as unsuitable wives. Arnolphe acts as a director when he says, A trusty soldier knows his place, however hard, and shows obedience to the captain of the guard; a valet serves his master, and a child obeys his father, and a priest does what the bishop says  [3]  . In this speech, Moliere metaphorically compares the inferior ranks of professions to women and the superior to men in French household. This quote also shows that hierarchy and domination exist in all parts of the French society as presente d in the play. The God-like figure of Arnolphe is often portrayed throughout the play as he says She never should presume to look him in the face- Except if he looks kind, and smiles at her with grace.  [4]  It also suggests that the admiration that men receive from women and society is like a myth or action that is supposed to be done disregards to the individual person. The Maxims of Marriage mentioned in Act III Scene II of the play is the portrayal of male domination in French Renaissance society. Each maxim topic depicts the traits expected by the husband in an ideal wife. For instance, the maxim states that a good wife must not dress to tease or must never play cards  [5]  . The wives must obey the maxim as a bible whether they want to or not. Through this, Moliere portrays a French domestic household and complete male dominance in a marriage. Another technique of the playwrights in portraying male domination is through characterization and the different traits between the male and female characters. In Ghosts, Mrs. Alving and Mr. Manders are the two extreme opposite characters. Ibsen makes Mr. Manders a dutiful priest who represents conservative society while he makes Mrs. Alving a widow who represents modern beliefs and radical thoughts. This characterization technique is a tool enabling the male characters to influence the female characters. By doing this, Ibsen portrays various conflicting beliefs and ideas that exist in the Norwegian society: conservative and unorthodox. Similarly, in the play The School for Wives, Moliere uses characterization to portray male dominance. Arnolphe is a man of society who has wealth and property to his name. On the other hand, Agnes is portrayed at the beginning of the play to be an orphan with no wealth or status. She is uneducated and very young compared to Arnolphe. The relationship between Arnolphe and Agnes acts as a mirror image to the French Society. The age difference and the lack of education of women make it possible for men to control womens life in all aspects as Arnolphe says Whichever way I choose, Ill shape her very life- Ill mould her in my hands, just like a lump of wax, and then Ill sculpt her, in whatever form she lacks.  [6]  An image of a toy or a figure being created out of clay is portrayed. This speech of Arnolphe, represent men in society, means that men do not want to marry a specific woman but they want to marry anyone who is, according to them, an ideal wife. In Act III, scene IV, this l engthy passage illustrates that he wanted to marry a woman who fitted in his vision of idealism in a marriage. Arnorphes soliloquy is an insight to the insecurities of French men in the 17th century. Moliere devoted a scene for this lengthy speech of Arnolphe to tell the audience about the selfish thoughts of men. The structure of this passage also shows Molieres use of punctuations to increase the pace of the monologue. It also makes the audience feel like Arnolphe is reciting a lyrical poem; hence the audience is kept interested until the end of the scene. The importance given to this scene by Moliere suggests that male dominance is a main theme which he wants to bring out in this play. The playwrights use some of the elements of the society as a tool to portray male dominance. In Ghosts, Ibsen depicts male dominance through concepts of duties, public opinions and individual beliefs as themes. For instance, Mr. Manders says What right have we to happiness? No! we must do our duty, Mrs. Alving.  [7]  This emphasizes the idea of conservatism in the Norwegian society. General responsibility regardless to the personal situation or feeling applies to everyone in the society. Similarly, Moliere depicts male dominance using tools such as education, naivety and religion in the play The School for wives. The restriction of basic rights of Agnes is can be viewed as immoral, but at that point of time, men considered it to be a venture as Arnolphe says Then youll see the result of my experiment,  [8]  Religion is used to portray men as God-like figure in society. And the profound respect she must show, in a word, to him, for hes her husband, ruler, chief and lord,  [9]  This part of Arnolphes speech illustrates the overall image of relationship between husbands and wives in the French renaissance society. Men are not only husbands but also the owners of the wives. Naivety plays an important role in allowing men to dominate womens thoughts. I want her ignorant, since all she needs to know is how to love me, pray to God, and spin and sew.  [10]  This quote again emphasizes the point that stereotypical husbands do not want educated wives because they a re considered too intelligent to be a good wife. The only qualities needed in a perfect wife are adeptness at chores and respect their husbands. Moliere employs Arnolphes speech to bring out the image of who was believed to be an ideal wife in renaissance society. In conclusion, Ibsen and Moliere represent their views on male dominance in Norwegian and French Renaissance societies respectively through Ghosts and The School for Wives. Using light hearted farce and comical elements, Moliere depicts human folly and elaborates the hidden motives such as fear of power of women.  [11]  Similarly, Ibsen attacks the sanctity of marriage and identity of women.  [12]  He accomplishes the aim of portraying taboos and making an impact on the Norwegian society. By analyzing these two plays, we understand the nature and culture of Norwegian and French societies. Male dominance exists in all societies but it is portrayed in a various ways depending on the nature of the society.

Ethics and Amtrak

The Amtrak case study is a horrible accident that occurred in 1993. I feel the entire cause of the accident was a series of events that could not have been known. The stakeholders in this care are the Amtrak employees, customers and land owners of the railway lines. The biggest interest of the stakeholders would be loss of life. No one wants to be involved with the loss of a human life. And I am sure there are several financial reasons for the interest, as well. To begin with, corporate social responsibility functions as a built-in, self-regulating mechanism whereby business would monitor and ensure its support to law, ethical standards, and international norms. The legal obligation Amtrak has is to provide a safe service for its customers. They need to show the customers that they put every effort into providing a safe and dependable service. Economically Amtrak needs to clear up this disaster and correct the problems so the customers will continue to use Amtrak. If this situation is not handled correctly it could have ruined the company. Ethically Amtrak needs to seriously improve it tracking and emergency response procedures. When they couldn’t really determine where the train, in my opinion, was the biggest problem with the EMS reaching the crash. Philanthropic is showing concern for humanity, especially by performing charitable actions such as donating money. I feel if Amtrak agreed to pay for the services of the people who died in the accident, that would be a good start. Finally, my recommendation for this case is simple. Figure out what went wrong and what went right. Correct all the wrongs and make sure the corrections stay in place. They also need to determine some type of checks and balances for these new procedures. I understand accidents happen, but, Amtrak needs to take every precaution to ensure this does not happen again. I feel if the current managers and supervisors had a stronger sense of morals this accident would have been much easier to deal with. In fact, this accident might not have happened if the current administration had enforced stricter rules. I also feel that a situation like this can destroy a transportation company if it’s not handled properly. The company needs to get the customers confidence back at any cost, because no customers no revenue. I feel Amtrak has a long way to go to repair the faults in their company, however at least admitting they need help or have problems is the first step in correcting the issues.

Women’s Army Auxiliary Corps

Women’s Army Auxiliary Corps Take the women into the armed service, who then will do the cooking, the washing, the mending, the humble and homey tasks to which every woman has devoted herself? From the mouth of a man who was against women joining the Armed Forces of the United States during World Wars I (WWI) and II (WWII) (Monahan). In 1917, thousands of women served during World War I (WWI), constantly fighting a battle to become part of the United States Army, a battle they were not winning (Monahan).They were nursing, supporting and helping the military forces overseas, but they were not recognized. During that time period many Army Officers put formal requests into the War Department to allow the recruitment and enlistment of women, trying to create a bill to establish a Women’s Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC). Secretary of War, Newton D. Baker, disagreed with this suggestion of a bill and the requests to establish a women’s service corps within the U. S. Army ( Monahan).After the war was over the push for a WAAC was forgotten, out of sight out of mind, until World War II. The basis of the WAAC was to allow women into the Army and to try to create an equal environment for men and women from which the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence says we are built upon. When WWII kicked off women were not considered part of the Army, but they were allowed to help with many different roles. This time period posed many opportunities for American women, both domestically as well as roles they could play in the war.A big issue that dominated women’s lives during this period was how to combine home-life with the new demands of the war economy in the public’s eyes. Women had made a few gains between WWI and WWII in the military in terms of the political influence; female workers were utilized for short-term gains during the war, with a long-term goal of seeing women return to the domestic sphere and reinforcing traditional gender roles (Crockrord).Women who chose to help the military in times of war had to obtain their own food and quarters, they had no legal protection or medical care and most importantly they were not entitled to any type of disability benefits or pensions the Veterans were entitled to (Holm). Congresswoman, Edith Nourse Rogers of Massachusetts was determined to change this, she introduced a bill on May 28, 1941, to establish a Women’s Army Auxiliary Corps, and the bill eventually succeeded because there was no hint of full status for women; which meant women would be ecognized as supporting the Army but they would still not be a part of the Army (Holm). She felt women and men should have the same benefits and should be treated equally. When the final bill for the WAAC was presented both sides had to compromise, the women and the men’s side serving in the military (Bellafaire). The bill passed, and the bill passing meant that women would be allowed to serve with the Army but they still would not receive the same pay or promotions and lot of the benefits that the men received. They did however receive food, uniforms, living quarters, minimal pay and medical care.There was also a lot of focus on preventing women from attaining high rank and on placing women in positions where they could give orders to men (Bellafaire). For example, although the duties of a WAAC first officer were comparable to those of a male captain, she received pay equivalent to that of a male first lieutenant (Bellafaire). Unfortunately, there were still many things that women had to overcome serving with the military. Men constantly criticized female soldiers, saying that they needed to be home with their family and community.They didn’t want a change and women in the military represented just that. The Office of Censorship ran a pole and discovered 84 percent of soldiers’ letters mentioning the WAAC were unfavorable (Bellafaire). They were questioning the moral values of women attracted to the military service and passed these beliefs to their families at home (Bellafaire). One of the biggest challenges that were faced with the WAAC was the rumors. Most of the rumors were started because they many were trying to force women back to â€Å"their domestic lifestyles† (Bellafaire).Many men started to say women of the WAAC were pregnant or were prostitutes; the women were often returned home based on the rumors and not factual evidence (Bellafaire). One story that was told was that any soldier seen dating a WAAC would be seized by Army authorities and provided with medical treatment (Bellafaire). Though there were many rumors about the WAAC and they were under serious scrutiny, Congress opened a hearing in March 1943 on the conversion of the WAAC into the Regular Army, hoping that it would help to mitigate the rumors and help the women become more of an integral part of the Army (Holm).Army leaders asked for the authority to convert the WAAC in to the Women’s Army Corps, which would be part of the Army itself rather than merely serving with it (Holm). On July 3, 1943 the WAC was signed into law and all WAAC’s were given the choice of joining the Army as a member of the WAC or returning to civilian life. Many decided to join, 25 percent decided to leave the service (Bellafaire). Women in the military have been an instrumental part of our history. The WAAC was the first step for them becoming part of the military.Looking at the bigger picture, whether women were a part of the WAAC, the WAC or just the plain old Army today there will always be a place for women. Even in today’s world women constantly have to fight for their roles and to prove themselves. The Declaration of Independents states, we hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal (Jefferson), â€Å"men† is all people, including women. It is always a constant battle for equality, the WAAC was a positive step in tha t direction and it has only gotten better. Works CitedBellafaire, Judith. â€Å"The Women’s Army Corps: A Commemoration of World War II Service. † www. history. army. mil/brochures/WAC/WAC. htm. CHM Publication, 17 Feb. 2005. Web. 29 June 2012. Crockrord, Vanessa. â€Å"Oveta Culp Hobby and Her â€Å"Lieutenants† Transformational Leadership in Action in the Women’s Army Auxiliary Corps of World War II. † Dissertation. 2003. Electronic. 29 June 2012. Holm, Jeanne. Women in the Military: An Unfinished Revolution. Novato: Presidio Press, 1982. Print. Monahan, Evelyn. A Few Good Women. New York: Random House, 2010. Print.

Modern humans life - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 3142 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? Automobiles are part of modern humans life. For some people automobile is carrier, for others it is luxury. Nevertheless, by allowing people to commute long distances for work, shopping, and entertainment, automobile become unabrogated part of our life. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Modern humans life" essay for you Create order Demand for automobiles remains high and inelastic. For instance, in advanced western households, and depending on the economy, the number of automobiles per family is greater than 1. (Domansky L 2006). Automobile industry is the industry that produces, designs, develops, manufactures and sells vehicles, including passenger cars, trucks, farm equipment, and other commercial vehicles. Around the world, there were about 806 million cars and light trucks on the road in 2007. The numbers are increasing rapidly, especially in China and India. In 2008, more than 70 million motor vehicles, including cars and commercial vehicles were produced worldwide (Wikipedia 2008). ORGANIZATION TOYOTA Toyota Industries Corporation is the biggest Japanese machine maker. Initially, a manufacturer of automatic looms, it is parent company of Toyota Motor Corporation. Toyota Industries currently is active in 5 business areas: automotive, materials handling, electronics, logistics and textile machinery. (Wikipedia 2008). Toyota Motor Corporation or simply known as Toyota, is international corporation headquartered in Japan and the largest automaker by sales (please see Appendixes A and B). Toyota employs more than 300,000 people around the world. Originally, Toyota was founded by Kiichiro Toyoda in 1937 from his fathers company Toyota Industries in order to create automobiles. Company overview 1980 The Toyota Motor Company received its first Japanese Quality Control Award and began taking part in a variety of motorsports. 1982 The Toyota Motor Company and Toyota Motor Sales merged into one company, the Toyota Motor Corporation. 1990 Toyota began to expand from producing mostly compact cars by adding many larger and more luxurious vehicles to its lineup. 1997 Toyota began production of the worlds best-selling hybrid car, the Prius. 1999 Entity was listed on the New York and London Stock Exchange 2002 Toyota managed to enter a Formula One works team 2005 Toyota ranked eighth on Forbes 2000 list of the worlds leading companies 2007 Toyota Camry Car of the Year for 2007. (Wikipedia 2008) LITERATURE REVIEW INNOVATION The only way a company can make significant breakthrough innovation in product development performance is to build its own one with the patience and philosophical underpinnings that has led to the success of Toyota. Toyotas innovations have focused on process rather than on product. That has made those innovations hard to see. But it hasnt made them any less powerful. The companys success is the Toyota Production System, which took place after the Second World War. (Taiichi Ohno 1990). Taiichi Ohno, a Toyota engineer turned need into advantage, coming up with a system to get as much as possible out of every part, every machine, and every worker. The principles were simple do away with waste, have parts arrive precisely when workers need them, fix problems as soon as they arise. What Toyota has done, better than any other manufacturing companies, is turn theory into practice. In some cases, it has done so with findings, like the andon cord, which means any worker can pluck to stop the assembly line if he notices a problem, or kanban, a card system that permits workers to signal when new parts are needed. Moreover, it has done so by reorganizing factory floors and workspaces in order to allow for a freer and easier flow of parts and products. Most innovation concentrates on what gets made. Toyota reinvented how things got made, which enabled it to make cars quicker and with less labor than other companies. (Liker J 2004) Toyota determines innovation as an incremental process, in which the aim is not to make big, unexpected jumps but, rather, to make things better on a daily basis. (The principle is frequently known by its Japanese name, kaizen persistent improvement.) In place of trying to throw long touchdown passes, as it were, Toyota moves down the field by means of short and stable gains. And so it rejects the idea that innovation is something far away from reality; instead, it is taken to be an everyday task for which everyone is responsible. (M organ J., Liker J. 2006) However, in 2006, Toyota ran into a series of quality problems and its possible that the focus on incremental innovation would be less well suited to businesses driven by large technological jumps. But, on the whole, the results are hard to argue with. They are also phenomenally hard to copy. The main reason is most companies are still organized in a very top-down manner, and have a hard time handing responsibility to front-line workers. But its also because the fundamental ethos of kaizen slow and steady improvement runs counter to the way that most companies think about change. Most companies hope that the right concept will turn things around overnight. The Toyota approach is more like a regular, less dramatic but, much harder to uphold. Toyotas innovative methods may seem impossible, but their absolute relentlessness defeats many companies. Thats why Toyota can afford to hide in pure sight: it knows the system is easy to understand but hard to foll ow. (James Surowiecki, 2008). STEPS BY TOYOTA TO BECOME INNOVATIVE Toyota has taken the following seven key actions in order to structure their innovation. Delegation of Decisions to Innovation Teams As all important decisions in the innovation process are made by top managements agreement a time delay will result. Therefore the rest of the decisions need to be delegated to the innovation team in order to avoid such cases and enable innovation. The compliance of top management is only required at the milestones or gates of the innovation process. The members of the innovation team should be available to the team with 100% of their time in order to bring the innovations to market as soon as possible. The degree to which decisions are delegated to the teams and the degree of availability of the members for the innovation teams differ, however. Toyota has fully dedicated innovation teams with 100% availability of their members. Integration of RD into the Business Units The organizational integration of the majority of RD into the business units makes innovation management more effective. It nurtures the co-operation with the other departments of the business unit and the orientation towards the customer in lieu of an exclusive focus on the technology. Moreoverit improves the preconditions forinnovation. Co-Location of Teams and Departments Bylocating all innovation team members and relevant departments of a divisionin the same place,Toyota makes sure that everybody hears the same thing at same time. This way the information does not get disfigured. Spontaneous communication and exchange of ideas are assisted. Co-location raises the possibility that in the management of an innovation the requirements of the market-place and of the technology are simultaneously taken into consideration and that the innovation gets to market faster. (Liker J 2004) Central Innovation Teams Themanagementof innovations that will result in a new category or that will cut across multiple categories often necessitates the use of central innovation teams that are not engaged to individual divisions. This central innovation team then report toa managerat the corporate headquarters. Such central teams are mainly used in cases when the motivation and resources of individual divisions, categories, product groups or brands are insufficient to get the respective innovation to market with maximum effort and at maximum speed despite the daily pressure and distractionfrom the established operation. However, for a successful innovation management it is important that the innovation project from its verybeginning has a division, category, product group or brand assigned. Central Innovation Funds The innovation projects in most cases need a special budget to get sourced because the divisionsshy away frommaking funds available given the typically high risk of such projects. Without a central innovation fund these innovations would not be launched fast, if they would get to market at all. External Interface forOpen Innovation Open innovation is a core strategy of innovation management in order to get innovations to market more quickly and enable innovation. In order to perform Open innovation and to channel external solutions and ideas into the company, innovation management needs an effective external interface. Merger Acquisition Department A special organizational structure of managing for innovation via Open innovation is the MA department which is involved in the acquisition of innovative companies. By way of acquisitions Toyota could significantly strengthen its innovation management, and have been in the market-place with innovations much faster. (Dr. Rolf Christian Wentz 2008) OOBEYA IS JAPANESE FOR BIG, OPEN OFFICE Now lets look at Toyota Production System in the example of Toyota Corolla production. The Corolla is one of the best-selling automobiles in history and the heart of every other car that Toyota makes. Takeshi Yoshidas (chief engineer for the 2003 Toyota Corolla) assignment was complicated: to keep the price of the new Corolla under $15,000 while improving the design and adding high-tech options that would win over young drivers. Yoshida came with a new approach to planning and engineering: more innovation, lower costs, higher quality, and fewer last-minute changes. That new approach is described in one word: oobeya (ooh-bay-yuh). Its Japanese for big, open office. In terms of business that means, in order to change the way that you create a product, change when, how, and with whom you share information. For Toyota, oobeya means bringing together people from different, even all parts of the company whether theyre from finance, engineering, manufacturing, logistics, design or sal es every month for the two years before a car goes into production. Meetings can be hold anywhere (Yoshida has convened oobeyas all the way from Toyota City, Japan to Erlanger, Kentucky), and everything is open for discussion: how to maximize profit, cut costs and reduce mistakes. At the beginning, oobeya meetings concentrated on squeezing costs. Almost every penny spent on the Corolla was argued over, fought for, and explained. Between meetings, people kept the discussion going through email and phone calls. Some of employees even create their own smaller oobeyas to undertake specific problems. Yoshida held his first Corolla oobeya in early 2000. The first order of business was to determine the exact cost of creating a single Corolla. As the different employees looked beyond their own departmental budgets, all kinds of smart savings came into view. For instance, In North America, Toyota was making the bulk of its Corollas with sunroofs in Canada, while a plant in California was not outfitted to make them. Once logistics told manufacturing that it cost $300 per car to haul sunroof-equipped vehicles from Canada to warm-weather states, executives revised the assembly process. Someone probably noticed this problem before but never did anything about it, says Don Esmond, senior vice president and a general manager at Toyota Motor Sales U.S.A., who was a regular at Yoshidas oobeyas. This time, we changed an entire plant. It cost $600,000. But it will end up saving us millions. Esmond set up his own oobeya at his headquarters in Torrance, California to tackle a smaller cost problem: expensive four-color brochures. They cost so much to produce, and they were too expensive for dealers to buy, Esmond explains. The solution: Enhance the Toyota Web site to include the full-color brochures so dealers or customers could print one out. We saved another $2 million, he says. If Esmonds group showed a willingness to cut costs, they also felt comfortable enough with oobe ya-based insights to add costs. Esmond argued that adding features like a CD player, sleek wheel covers, and a 60-40 split backseat would help Yoshida sell Corollas to a younger crowd. Esmond also suspected that such features would come standard in cars within two or three years. If Toyota didnt include them now, dealers would have to discount those optionless cars in the future. (Fara Warner, 2007) While the new Corolla made it to market in March 2002, Yoshida was pleased with what oobeya had helped him to achieve. He succeeds in keeping the base models under $15,000, but he had given up nothing in quality. In fact, Toyota did not have to make only change to the car once the final design was set. That is unprecedented in an industry where design, engineering, and manufacturing often argue over quality problems right up until the first car rolls off the assembly line. Oobeya is all about the power of open minds. Explains Yoshida: There are no taboos in oobeya. Everyone in that room is an expert. They all have a part to play in building the car. With everyone being equally important to the process, we dont confine ourselves to just one way of thinking our way out of a problem. (Fara Warner, 2007) RECOMMENDATION In todays world, in order to become a leader in industry the organization must be innovative. Toyotas invisible innovation where top management involved each employee was extremely effective. The company was first in the marketplace that performed such innovation and become a leader. Engaging all departments helped to find easier, smarter and faster ways to solve problems within production process. Toyota was able to look forward at the strategy and know how to bring products to market quicker than their competitors. Innovation is the key. Its not just for the technology; its for the business strategies as well. In order to stay a leader in the market Toyota should always think out something new that adds value, see beyond what is visible, connect un-connectable and stay creative. In addition, Toyota should keep creating a strategic view, establishing innovation as priority, establishing processes to convert ideas to innovations, recognizing creative behavior CONCLUSION By following to the same principles for more than eight decades while continually changing and improving the specific methods and processes, Toyota has made steady and significant progress since the 1950s. The main reason is that the company remained grounded in modesty, listening to the customer without haughtiness and striving to make a positive contribution to its community and the larger world, Toyota finds itself in the 21st century faced with enormous opportunity and responsibility. However, Toyotas major business is automotive design, sales and service still holds the most promise and the most opportunity for contributing to society. This mission becomes important not only for Toyota, but also for the whole industry as well Toyota Production System is strong and powerful. The company constantly develops higher quality vehicles faster, for less cost and at a greater profit than its competitors. It also launches more new vehicles annually than the rest of its competitor s, creating a steady flow of high quality new products to meet customer demand. Reason for these successes is the speed and product freshness. This competitive advantage has enabled Toyota to more than double the number of unique models. Moreover, this speed to market does not come at a high price. Toyota has the lowest RD ration to sales. By correlating its production capacities with common architecture strategies, standard process and component sharing, Toyota reaches an incredible overall cost advantage. In addition, one of the Toyotas strengths has been the ability to learn from others. In doing so, Toyota has thoroughly taken into account the implication, guided the new approach, considered the costs and benefit, and adapted the new approach to improve a current process. REFERENCES Books Domansky L (2006) Automobile Industry: Current Issues, Nova Science Publishers, pp 2 13 Taiichi Ohno (1990) Toyota Production System, Beyond Large Scale Production, Productivity Press, pp 15 20 Liker J (2004) The Toyota Way: 14 Management principles from the worlds greatest manufacturer, McGraw Hill, pp 15 51 Morgan J., Liker J. (2006) The Toyota Product Development System: Integrating People, Process and Technology, Productivity Press, pp 5 12 Web Wikipedia (2008) Automotive industry, [online] (Accessed on 2008), Verified on: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_industry Wikipedia (2008) Toyota Industries, [online] (Accessed on 2008), Verified on: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_Industries Wikipedia (2008) Toyota, [online] (Accessed on 2008), Verified on: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota James Surowiecki, (2008) The open secret of success. [online] (Accessed on 12 May 2008), Verified on: https://www.newyorker.com/talk/financial/2008/05/12/080512ta_talk_surowiecki Dr. Rolf Christian Wentz (2008) The Organizational Structure of Innovation: How Toyota, Procter Gamble , GE, 3M, IBM, Google, Microsoft, Sony, Hewlett-Packard, DuPont, Honeywell, Whirlpool [online] (Accessed on: 2008) Verified on: https://www.the-innovation-machine.com/?p=83 Fara Warner, (2007) In a Word, Toyota drives for innovation [online] (Accessed on: 19 Dec 2007) Verified on: https://www.fastcompany.com/magazine/61/toyota.html BIBLIOGRAPHY Books Domansky L (2006) Automobile Industry: Current Issues, Nova Science Publishers, pp 2 13 Taiichi Ohno (1990) Toyota Production System, Beyond Large Scale Production, Productivity Press, pp 15 20 Liker J (2004) The Toyota Way: 14 Management principles from the worlds greatest manufacturer, McGraw Hill, pp 15 51 Morgan J., Liker J. (2006) The Toyota Product Development System: Integrating People, Process and Technology, Productivity Press, pp 5 12 Chesbrough H (2006) Open Innovation: The new imperative for creating and profiting from technology, Harvard Business School Press, pp 93 110 Hippel E (2005) Democratizing Innovation, The MIT Press, pp 107 121 Japan Management Association (1990) Shingo Shigeo: A study of the Toyota Production System, Productivity Press, pp 67 95 Magee D (2007) How Toyota Became #1: Leadership lessons from the Worlds greatest car company, Pengium Group, pp 117 131 Web Wikipedia (2008) Automotive industry, [online] (Accessed on 2008), Verified on: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_industry Wikipedia (2008) Toyota Industries, [online] (Accessed on 2008), Verified on: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_Industries Wikipedia (2008) Toyota, [online] (Accessed on 2008), Verified on: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota James Surowiecki, (2008) The open secret of success. [online] (Accessed on 12 May 2008), Verified on: https://www.newyorker.com/talk/financial/2008/05/12/080512ta_talk_surowiecki Dr. Rolf Christian Wentz (2008) The Organizational Structure of Innovation: How Toyota, Procter Gamble , GE, 3M, IBM, Google, Microsoft, Sony, Hewlett-Packard, DuPont, Honeywell, Whirlpool [online] (Accessed on: 2008) Verified on: https://www.the-innovation-machine.com/?p=83 Fara Warner, (2007) In a Word, Toyota drives for innovation [online] (Accessed on: 19 Dec 2007) Verified on: https://www.fastcompany.com/magazine/61/toyota.html Hirotaka Takeuchi, Emi Osono, Norihiko Shimizu (2008) The Contradictions That Drive Toyotas Success. [online] (Accessed on: 1 Jan 2008) Verified on: https://harvardbusiness.org/product/the-contradictions-that-drive-toyotas-success/an/R0806F-PDF-ENG Steven Spear, (2009) Toyoda to run Toyota Stoking the innovation engine [online] (Accessed on: 19 Jan 2009) Verified on: https://chasingtherabbitbook.mhprofessional.com/apps/ab/2009/01/19/toyoda-to-run-toyota-stoking-the-innovation-engine/ Jon Gertner, (2007) From 0 to 60 to World Domination. [online] (Accessed on: 18 Feb 2007) Verified on: https://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/18/magazine/18Toyota.t.html?pagewanted=3ei=5090en=27f821bf31ad515bex=1329454800partner=rssuserlandemc=rss Andrea Meyer, (2009) Managing Innovation: Toyotas Strategy. [online] (Accessed on: 7 Apr 2009) Verified on: https://workingknowledge.com/blog/?p=212 Stefan Lindegaard, (2009) Open innovation versus user-driven innovation: Lego and Toyota cases. [online] (Accessed on: 26 Jan 2009) Verified on: https://stefanlindegaard.com/2009/01/26/open-innovation-versus-user-driven-innovation-lego-and-toyota-cases/ Bruce Nussbaum, (2009) Toyota shows the way in innovation. [online] (Accessed on: 18 Feb 2009) Verified on: https://www.businessweek.com/innovate/NussbaumOnDesign/archives/2007/02/toyota_shows_th.html John Teresko, (2006) Learning from Toyota Again. [online] (Accessed on: 1 Feb 2006) Verified on: https://www.industryweek.com/articles/learning_from_toyota__again_11301.aspx